A rational technology for cows’ machine milking when tie-up housing should provide for the development of technical equipment that meets the physiological requirements for a dairy cow and ensure complete and safe milking. In this regard, the task of determining and refining certain parameters of the physical-mechanical characteristics of the mammary gland of a cow becomes urgent. When choosing the rational mass of the suspended part of the vacuum milking machine, one should know the pressure transmitted by the teat cup liner to the body of the nipple of the animal when milking, which makes possible to establish the obtained analytical formula. It was found that the higher the deflection of the walls of the stretched teat cup liner, the higher the pressure caused by it on the nipple of the cow’s udder. Analysis of the distribution of diameters and lengths of the nipples of the mammary gland of cows showed that their sizes vary in wide ranges. Elongations of nipples depend nonlinearly on the acting tension, and the values of the elastic modulus and the transverse strain coefficient vary over a wide range.
Overexposure of the milking machines on the udder of the animal causes a negative effect on the mammary gland, which leads to illness and culling of cows. In this regard, during machine milking, it is necessary not only to ensure the complete milking of animals, but also to remove the teat cups from the udder in a timely manner. In order to solve this problem, the authors have developed a device for automatically removing the hanging part of the milking machine after milking. This device includes an air motor, a reducer and a flexible filament cylinder. In a theoretical consideration of the working process of removing the hanging part of the milking machine, analytical dependencies were obtained which make it possible to determine the airflow rate of the pneumatic motor, depending on its geometric dimensions, the rotor speed, the number of installed blades and the value of the working vacuum. It was found that with an increase in the above parameters, the air consumption increases. Also, expressions have been obtained that allow setting the required power on the cylinder of the device and its rotation frequency to ensure automatic removal of the hanging part of the milking machine at any time, excluding its hitting the floor of the stall.
Проблема и цель. Теоретические исследования направлены на возможность расчета расхода воздуха и мощности пневмодвигателя съемника аппарата с вымени животного. Методология. Холостое доение доильным аппаратом весьма опасно для коров, так как помимо болевых ощущений на сосках вымени часто приводит к заболеваниям животных и их преждевременной выбраковке. Таким образом, важно не только полностью выдоить корову, но и вовремя отсоединить подвесную часть доильного аппарата от вымени животного. Для устранения холостого доения авторами предложена конструкция съемника, обеспечивающего отсоединение подвесной части доильного аппарата от вымени коровы по окончании доения автоматически. Он состоит из пневмодвигателя с редуктором и нити, намотанной на барабан. Результаты. При теоретическом рассмотрении работы съемника аппарата были выявлены аналитические зависимости расхода воздуха пневмодвигателя съемника от частоты вращения ротора пневмодвигателя, количества его лопаток и значения вакуума в вакуумпроводе. Выявлено, что с увеличением вышеуказанных параметров увеличивается и расход воздуха съемником. Авторами также проведены теоретические исследования, в результате которых определен ряд параметров пневмодвигателя: мощность и частота вращения барабана пневмодвигателя в зависимости от размеров барабана, расстояния размещения съемника от пола, угла наклона подвесной части и ее массы. Заключение. Результирующие формулы позволяют определить требуемую мощность на валу барабана и частоту его вращения для съема аппарата с вымени без падения на пол. Problem and purpose. Theoretical studies are aimed at the possibility of calculating the air consumption and the power of the pneumatic motor of the device puller from the udder of the animal. Methodology. Blank milking with a milking machine is very dangerous for cows, since in addition to painful sensations on the udder teats, it often leads to diseases of animals and their premature culling. Thus, it is important not only to milk the cow completely, but also to disconnect the hanging part of the milking machine from the udder of the animal in time. To eliminate blank milking, a puller is proposed that automatically disconnects the hanging part of the milking machine from the udder of the cow at the end of milking. It consists of a pneumatic motor with a gearbox and a thread wound on a drum. Results. When considering the operation of the puller, analytical dependences of the air fow rate of the puller pneumatic motor on the rotational speed of the air motor rotor, the number of its blades and the vacuum value in the vacuum line were revealed. It was found that with an increase in the above parameters, the air consumption of the stripper also increased. There were also studies, as a result of which a number of parameters of the pneumatic motor were determined. They included the power and rotational speed of the drum of the pneumatic motor depending on dimensions of the drum, the distance of the puller from the foor, the angle of inclination of the suspension part and its mass. Conclusion. The resulting formulas make it possible to determine the required power on the drum shaft and its rotation frequency for removing the apparatus from the udder without falling to the foor.
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