The article presents the results of the study of pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues of dogs at parvovirus and coronavirus infections. The pathoanatomical section and histological examination of pathological material selected from cadavers of dogs of different breeds and sex between 2 to 6 months who died with signs of infectious diarrhea were conducted. Pathomorphological study was performed only on cadavers of animals in which the life using PCR in stool specimens was established clinical diagnosis – parvovirus enteritis (n = 13) and coronavirus enteritis (n = 7). After selection of the pathological material, it was immediately fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin followed by pouring into a sealing medium (paraffin). The obtained histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to standard prescriptions. The general histological structure and microstructural changes in histological preparations were studied under a light microscope. Histological studies have been confirmed and supplemented with pathoanatomical diagnoses, established after autopsies of bodies of dead animals. The most pronounced lesions and typical change in all dead dogs fixed contact in the small intestine (jejunum and to the ileum) and the regional lymph nodes. In addition, in the case of coronavirus infection, changes in the spleen are detected. According to the results of our study, the morphological criteria, on which the pathomorphological diagnosis of parvovirus infection in dogs is based include: hemorrhagic jejuno-ileitis; hemorrhage in the serous and mucous membrane of the small intestine; hemorrhagic mesenteric lymphadenitis; depletion and necrosis of lymphoid tissue. It is shown that the morphological manifestations of coronavirus infection in the dead dogs are with the following signs: the presence of exudative inflammation in the small intestine in the form serous-catarrhal or serous-fibrinous jejuno-ileitis; hyperplasia of single and congested lymphoid nodes of the mucous membrane of the small intestine; hyperplasia and serous-hemorrhagic mesenteric lymphadenitis; hemorrhagic infarcts in the spleen parenchyma; hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue; hemorrhage in the serous membrane of the small intestine; dehydration. Not typical, but constant morphological signs of enteritis, which arose as a result of circulatory disorders and heart failure were: passive venous congestion of the liver and kidney; degenerative processes in the liver and kidney parenchyma; pulmonary edema.
The article presents the results of the study of histological changes in organs and tissues of dogs for coronavirus infection. The histological study of the pathological material of cadavers (n =5) dogs of different breeds and sex between the ages of 2 to 6 months, who died with diarrheal syndrome. The study of presence of coronavirus, without other assiociants, in these cases had previously been confirmed in the polymerase chain reaction analysis of fecal samples. The made histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to standard prescriptions. The general histological structure and microstructural changes in histological preparations were studied under a light microscope. Histological studies have been confirmed and supplemented with pathoanatomical diagnoses, established after autopsies of dead bodies of dead animals. The most pronounced lesions and typical change in all dead dogs fixed contact in the small intestine (jejunum and to the ileum) and the regional lymph nodes to it, as well as in the spleen. It is shown that the morphological manifestations of coronavirus infection in dogs following features are on the microscopic level: the presence of exudative inflammation in the small intestine in the form serous-fibrinous jejuno-ileitis; hyperplasia of single and congested lymphoid nodes of the mucous membrane of the small intestine; hyperplasia and serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis mesenteric lymph nodes; foci of hemorrhage and hemorrhagic heart attacks in the spleen parenchyma; hyperplasia lymphoid nodes of the spleen; foci of hemorrhage in the serous membrane of the small intestine. Also, non-specific, but constant morphological features, which arose as a result of circulatory disorders and heart failure were: passive venous congestion of the liver and kidney; degenerative processes in the liver and kidney parenchyma. Consequently, local and general immunological processes develop during the coronaviral infection. Therefore, additional diagnostic markers appear hyperplastic and inflammatory changes of regional seats to the reproduction of the virus lymphoid organs.
The relevance of the study is that pathological and morphological changes with feline infectious peritonitis have been studied by few authors and are not fully described. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the causative agent of infectious peritonitis on the structure of the spleen in cats. The paper highlights the results of histological studies of sections obtained from distinct parts of the spleen of cats of different ages who died from mixed (26 animals) and dry (7 animals) forms of infectious peritonitis. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin according to the generally accepted method. The paper describes the details of microscopic changes in the spleen in dry and mixed forms of feline infectious peritonitis. It was found that these changes are not affected by the form of the disease but are characterized by features depending on the duration of its course. In cats in which the disease lasted up to three weeks before death, the red pulp of the spleen was unevenly swollen, infiltrated by lymphocytes and monocytes, in some places contained foci of necrotic cells, and red blood cells were absent. Changes in the white pulp were represented by hyperplasia of lymphoid nodules. These nodules were of varied sizes and were located eccentrically relative to the central arteries. There are no distinct lymphoid nodules around part of the central arteries. On the surface of the capsule, fibrinous-necrotic overlays are present in places, under which there is no mesothelium, and the capsule is infiltrated with lymphocytes and monocytes. In other areas, mesotheliocytes underwent distinct metaplasia – from flat cells, they turned into columnar cells. In some areas of the spleen, some animals have no serous membrane. In cats with the disease lasting over three weeks, the red pulp is noticeably more swollen, and the lymphoid nodules are single and small. Other microscopic changes were the same as in animals that were ill for less than three weeks. The results of the study are of practical value for pathologists, as well as for scientists investigating the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis
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