Pathomorphological diagnostics of enteritis of viral etiology in dogs

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues of dogs at parvovirus and coronavirus infections. The pathoanatomical section and histological examination of pathological material selected from cadavers of dogs of different breeds and sex between 2 to 6 months who died with signs of infectious diarrhea were conducted. Pathomorphological study was performed only on cadavers of animals in which the life using PCR in stool specimens was established clinical diagnosis – parvovirus enteritis (n = 13) and coronavirus enteritis (n = 7). After selection of the pathological material, it was immediately fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin followed by pouring into a sealing medium (paraffin). The obtained histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to standard prescriptions. The general histological structure and microstructural changes in histological preparations were studied under a light microscope. Histological studies have been confirmed and supplemented with pathoanatomical diagnoses, established after autopsies of bodies of dead animals. The most pronounced lesions and typical change in all dead dogs fixed contact in the small intestine (jejunum and to the ileum) and the regional lymph nodes. In addition, in the case of coronavirus infection, changes in the spleen are detected. According to the results of our study, the morphological criteria, on which the pathomorphological diagnosis of parvovirus infection in dogs is based include: hemorrhagic jejuno-ileitis; hemorrhage in the serous and mucous membrane of the small intestine; hemorrhagic mesenteric lymphadenitis; depletion and necrosis of lymphoid tissue. It is shown that the morphological manifestations of coronavirus infection in the dead dogs are with the following signs: the presence of exudative inflammation in the small intestine in the form serous-catarrhal or serous-fibrinous jejuno-ileitis; hyperplasia of single and congested lymphoid nodes of the mucous membrane of the small intestine; hyperplasia and serous-hemorrhagic mesenteric lymphadenitis; hemorrhagic infarcts in the spleen parenchyma; hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue; hemorrhage in the serous membrane of the small intestine; dehydration. Not typical, but constant morphological signs of enteritis, which arose as a result of circulatory disorders and heart failure were: passive venous congestion of the liver and kidney; degenerative processes in the liver and kidney parenchyma; pulmonary edema.

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“…Many problems with the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract seem similar, but in reality, there are many aetiological factors that can lead to the death of an animal. Considering the data of professional literary sources, the authors of the present study state that in dogs, the main causes of the development of diarrhoea followed by symptoms of haemorrhagic enteritis are usually viruses, bacteria, and parasites (Rocha-Gizzi et al, 2014; Ortega et al, 2017;Lisova & Radsikhovskyi, 2018). On the territory of Ukraine, 60% of dogs are inpatient diagnosed with diseases with damage to the digestive system (Lisova & Radsikhovsky, 2018).…”

Experimental study of tropism in cultivated canine coronavirus in the small intestine of puppies

“…Usually coronavirus enteritis has an accompanying course both with virus and bacterial infections, which very often leads to the death of the animal and does not allow identification of the characteristic peculiarities of the impact of coronavirus on the organism of dogs, as the Zoetis company informs us (Radzikhovsky, 2016). In our practice, in dogs, we often recorded combined infection by parvovirus and coronavirus enteritides (Lisova & Radzikhovsky, 2018), where clinical signs (vomiting, diarrhea, depression, loss of appetite, dehydration) (Godsall et al, 2010;Caddy, 2018) and pathological-anatomical changes (in the liver, dense consistency of the pancreas and in the condition of dehydration, spleen with spotty hemorrhages, local infarctions in the kidneys, catarrhal-hemorrhagic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the gut, congestion of the vessels with blood, hemorrhagic inflammation of mesenterial lymph nodes) were similar to the natural course of coronavirus enteritides observed earlier (Buonavoglia et al, 2006;Zicola et al, 2012;Decaro et al, 2013).…”

Pathomorphological changes of the stomach and intestinum crassum in the intestinal form of parvoviral enteritis in dogs

“…Найбільш небезпечна хвороба для цуценят віком до 6 місяців, причому летальність може досягати 80 % (Steinel et al, 2001;Filipov et al, 2011;Castro et al, 2013;Radzykhovsʹkyy & Zayika, 2017). Найбільш виражені патологоанатомічні зміни спостерігають у шлунковокишковому тракті (за кишкової форми), головним чином у тонкому відділі кишечнику (Larson & Schultz, 2007;Decaro & Buonavoglia, 2012;Marcovich et al, 2012;Lisova & Radzykhovsʹkyy 2018).…”