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Pneumococcal disease, including pneumonia, is a major global public health problem, and older people are at greater risk, particularly for severe disease and complications. Conjugate vaccines have shown efficacy against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and otitis media in children, but have not been evaluated healthy elderly. The CAPiTA study was designed was to demonstrate the efficacy of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPnC) in prevention of a first episode of vaccine-type pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (primary objective). The secondary objectives were to demonstrate efficacy in prevention of a first episode of nonbacteremic/noninvasive vaccine-type pneumococcal CAP and of vaccine-type invasive IPD. This was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in 84,496 participants 65 and older in the Netherlands. Key eligibility criteria were no previous pneumococcal vaccination and immune competence. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 13vPnC or placebo. They were enrolled at community-based sites and home visits, and surveillance for CAP and IPD was conducted at hospitals in the areas of enrollment. A serotype-specific urinary antigen detection assay was used to identify episodes of vaccine-type CAP. Safety was also evaluated. The study started in September 2008, and reached the protocol defined 130 case accrual numbers of first episode of Vaccine Type CAP at the end of August 2013. The primary and secondary endpoints of this study will be presented. At the time abstract submission, the data were not yet available.(Funded by Pfizer, Inc.; ClinicalTrials.govnumber NCT00744263.)

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Purpose of this paper was to review group of Cambodian children with AIDS -late presenters, coming to our programme with low immunologic status (CD4˂5%, and ˂100 CD4 cells) and opportunistic infections as well as children who started HAART too late according to the guidelines valid in 2003 -2005 (˂200 CD4 cells per cubic millimetre). Another aim of this study was to compare children with AIDS who are on 2 nd line HAART for risk factors, failure and outcome in comparison to children on 1 st line ARV. There was relatively low proportion of children on 2 nd line treatment since beginning of ART (27 of 140, 19%). Mortality in late presenters is higher than in non-late presenters and also opportunistic infections were higher in the group of late presenters, including HZV and TB. Relatively high proportion of slow progressors was found among included children as well.

Introduction: The aim of this paper was to review the preventive strategies for screening of commonest infections in migrants. Germany, UK, France, Spain and Italy have highest numbers 25 mil migrants (31% of global migrant population) 70% from EE and North Africa 1.9 million per year illegally,

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