Introduction. Two-storey church buildings, that date back to the past centuries, are usually regarded as monuments of history and architecture. Their facades cannot be changed when buildings are adapted for modern use. The ground floor of a church building is used as a warm winter church, and the first floor is an unheated summer church. The evacuation of church members from the ground floor in case of fire is organized in accordance with fire safety regulations. If the area of the upper church floor is 80…200 m2 or more, the number of people may exceed 100 people there. As a rule, the upper church has one evacuation exit, which is contrary to the fire safety regulations, that prescribe the availability of several exits from the upper church floor when the number of people there exceeds fifty. The purpose of the article is to propose fire safety amendments in respect of cultural heritage monuments, so that the acceptable number of people inside a church building, that has one exit, can exceed fifty.Theoretical foundations of amendments to fire safety regulations. Methods of flexible fire safety control, applied today, allow for the regulatory harmonization of the requirements applicable to the adaptation of immovable cultural heritage for modern use. The level of individual risk is the fire safety criterion for a two-storey church building.Substantiation of effectiveness of the fire safety system. A system of measures is proposed to ensure the fire safety of two-storey church buildings. The proposals will allow to increase the number of people on the first floor, so that it can exceed fifty. The case of a functional church is analyzed, which demonstrates methods of increasing the number of people inside it to one hundred. The results of modeling the process of evacuation from the upper church floor are presented.Conclusions. An individual risk, arising in a church building that has one exit, is analyzed, and the implementation of the fire safety criterion is substantiated. Draft amendments to the fire safety regulations have been proposed, so that the number of people inside a church building, that has one exit, can exceed fifty.
Introduction. The current Russian Regulation on classification of hotels hardly takes into account their fire safety conditions. The system, adopted in the Regulation, provides for an expert scoring assessment of hotel parameters for their assignment to a certain category (star rating). The purpose of the article is to develop methods that allow determining the level of fire safety of hotels in points commensurate with the accepted rating system, for its further use in the course of assignment of appropriate categories to hotels. Theoretical fundamentals of scoring methods of assessment of fire safety of hotels. Three approaches to the calculation of «fire points» of hotels have been developed, based on the breakdown of hotels into classes and identification of the fire safety index of hotels within one class. The first scoring method is the Gretener method used for calculating the integral fire safety index. The first and third quartiles are identified for the hotel statistics. Hotels, whose index does not exceed the first quartile, belong to the subgroup featuring a high level of fire safety; those ranging from the first (inclusively) to the third quartile belong to the medium level. If the values of the fire hazard index of hotels are not smaller than the third quartile, they belong to the subgroup that has a low level of fire safety. The second method is based on the use of a «safety reserve» in terms of evacuation time. The third model of assessing the fire hazard of hotels includes the breakdown of hotels into groups, identification of the value of individual fire risk, ranking hotels by the fire risk that varies from the lowest to the highest.Results and their discussion. As for the classification of hotels, problems that accompany the consolidation of the physical approach to the fire hazard assessment with the expert method of scoring are solved by choosing the proportion between the points of the system and the «fire points» set by the adjustment coefficient. The fire points, assigned to the subgroups of hotels, are indicative and should be corrected within the framework of the proposed approach.Conclusions. The experimental application of the developed methods using the cases of real hotel facilities will allow choosing the optimal engineering method of taking into account the fire safety of hotels in the process of their classification.
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