The article presents the results of 3 years study on the adaptation of the properties of various winter wheat varieties to the conditions of the submontane zone of the Central Caucasus. The indicator of the ontogenetic adaptability was the homeostaticity of the plants. We have studied thirty winter wheat varieties according to the parameters of ecological plasticity, productivity and resistance to the destructive complex of diseases and pests like Fusarium head blight, brown and yellow rust, Septoria blight, tan spot etc. The yield of the mixed variety crops was 4.5 t/ha; the increase was 9%. In the crops of the triple mixture of the strong Veda and Delta varieties (25%) with the valuable Batko variety (50%), which differed in resistance to various diseases, the average yield of 52 cwt/ha was obtained with the protein content of 12%, the gluten content of 28% and the flour strength of 320 a.u. The authors used the resistance of the precocious Kuma variety to the damage by the cereal leaf beetle as a protective screening crop along with the field perimeter. Such a screening crop of the stable variety prevents the colonization of the crops of the other less resistant varieties with pests. The genetic diversity of the variety creates the conditions for regulating and stabilizing the phytosanitary state of the crops and increasing their productivity. With this agrotechnical method, it becomes possible to regulate and stabilize the phytosanitary situation in the fields and to increase grain productivity and quality.
Тенденции развития науки и образования-11животных. Проведенные исследования указывают на необходимость корректировки отдельных элементов технологических решений типовых проектов молочных комплексов для создания комфортных условий содержания животных. *** Гасиев В.И. Продуктивность одновидовых и бинарных посевов фестулолиума Северо-Кавказский научно-исследовательский институт горного и предгорного сельского хозяйства-Филиал ФГБУН ФНЦ «Владикавказский научный центр РАН» (Россия, Владикавказ
The article presents the results of studies on the seeding time of perennial forage crops in the foothill area of North Ossetia-Alania. An agricultural method which is necessary is the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with natural agronomic ores in a ratio of 1:2 and simultaneous seed scarification. The studies revealed that the most optimal seeding time in terms of field germination and plant safety for harvesting for all the studied crops was the variant of the middle seeding time in the second ten-day period of May, when the soil temperature was warmed up to 12-14 °C. Also, when seeded late, the plantings of the studied crops significantly decreased in terms of leaf area—by 1.9 thousand m2/ha for burnet, by 1.2 thousand m2/ha for clover, by 1.5 thousand m2/ha for medicago, by 1.5 thousand m2/ha for sainfoin, by 1.5 thousand m2/ha for galega, by 0.8 thousand m2/ha for festulolium. Over four years, the average biochemical composition of perennial grasses of different seeding periods did not differ significantly in the content of forage units, digestible protein and metabolic energy. Thus, depending on the seeding time, fluctuations in the content of forage units were as follows: 2.21-2.24 t/ha for clover; 2.09-2.21 t/ha for medicago; 2.34-2.46 t/ha for sainfoin; 2.69-2.79 t/ha for galega; 2.27-2.41 t/ha for festulolium; 2.56-2.74 t/ha for burnet. The digestible protein content, respectively: 0.37-0.44 t/ha for clover; 0.51-0.55 t/ha for medicago; 0.49-0.54 t/ha for sainfoin; 0.43-0.57 t/ha for galega; 0.38-0.44 t/ha for festulolium; 0.57-0.64 t/ha for burnet. The output of metabolic energy was: 48.9-51.7 GJ t/ha for clover; 38.4-43.2 GJ t/ha for medicago; 39.3-42.4 GJ t/ha for sainfoin; 41.7-46.3 GJ t/ha for galega; 48.7-52.3 GJ t/ha for festulolium; 40.5-42.7 t/ha for burnet. Moreover, the crops of early and medium time of seeding had the highest values of biochemical composition.
Северо-Кавказский регион производит пятую часть зерна в России. Получать стабильные высокие урожаи озимой тритикале в этом регионе не позволяют частые засухи. Их вероятность составляет 25-50 %. Кроме того, почти ежегодно, во второй половине вегетации посевы озимых зерновых в той или иной степени испытывают отрицательное воздействие дефицита влаги. Основным условием преодоления отрицательного влияния неблагоприятных факторов среды является создание и внедрение в производство высокопродуктивных и адаптированных к местным условиям сортов. В статье приведены результаты лабораторных и полевых исследований селекционного материала озимой тритикале на засухоустойчивость и продуктивность. Определение устойчивости растений к дефициту влаги проводили по способности семян прорастать на высокоосмотических растворах сахарозы. Оценка засухоустойчивости в полевых условиях проводилась по продуктивности сортов, в разные по влагообеспеченности годы, с использованием различных статистических методов. По результатам проведенных исследований относительной засухоустойчивостью и стабильной продуктивностью характеризовались сортообразцы: Гренадо, Гор, ПРАГ 506. Рекомендуются наиболее информативные и объективные методы оценки селекционного материала на засухоустойчивость. К ним относятся: лабораторный метод проращивания семян на осмотических растворах сахарозы и прямой способ расчета засухоустойчивости по индексу продуктивности растений. The North Caucasus region produces a fifth of the grain in Russia. Frequent droughts do not allow stable high yields of winter triticale in this region. Their probability is 25-50 %. In addition, almost every year in the second half of the growing season, winter grain crops experience a negative effect of moisture deficiency. The main condition for overcoming the negative impact of adverse environmental factors is the creation and introduction of highly productive and adapted to local conditions varieties into production. The article presents the results of laboratory and field studies of the breeding material of winter triticale for drought resistance and productivity. Determination of plant resistance to moisture deficiency was carried out by the ability of seeds to germinate on highly osmotic solutions of sucrose. Assessment of drought resistance in the field was carried out by the productivity of varieties, in different years of moisture availability, using various statistical methods. According to the results of studies, the relative drought resistance and stable productivity were characterized by the varieties: Grenado, Gor, PRAG 506. The most informative and objective methods for assessing breeding material for drought resistance are recommended. These include: the laboratory method of seed germination on osmotic solutions of sucrose and a direct method for calculating drought resistance by the plant productivity index.
The paper provides signs of productivity and longevity at the stage of seedlings, which accelerates selection in the breeding process for important indicators. Correlations between the shape of the root system and longevity, leaf area and productivity have been determined Key words: root system, morphology, productivity, varietal differences.
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