The authors of the article analyzed existing software systems that are used to study the dynamic behavior of rolling stock, and also emphasized the importance of using a computer experiment to implement this task. An improved spatial mathematical model of the dynamic behavior of a freight wagon when it interacts with a rail track is considered, and it is proposed to study it using an object-oriented approach using the Maple software package. To accomplish this task by writing procedures, separate modules (subprograms) were created that included differential equations of motion for the individual components of the object under study. Based on existing procedures, the main module was created, which reflected the sequence of performing certain functions (calling up the necessary information, especially the use of logic, methods for solving the problem, as well as visualizing the results). Using the created modules in the Maple software package, a computer experiment was used to study the dynamic behavior of a freight car when it interacted with a rail, and also showed the possibility of taking into account the influence of individual parameters of its technical condition on its dynamic behavior.
The authors examined the scientific basis for managing environmental and economic risks in the transport of dangerous goods by rail. The importance of optimizing the monitoring of environmental safety and the organization of environmental risk management was noted. The paper presents the interrelation of the functional strategy of ensuring the reliability of the transportation process with other strategies. A new functional strategy and a schematic diagram of the environmental management system for making management decisions to optimize environmental management in railway transport have been proposed. A conceptual apparatus has been developed to identify and determine environmental risks and the principle of their management during the transport of dangerous goods by railway transport.
849X Джус В.С., к.т.н., доцент, Львівська філія Дніпровського національного університету залізничного транспорту ім. академіка В. А. Лазаряна Анотація. Із проведеного аналізу науково-дослідних робіт стосовно врахування кліматичних температурних перепадів навколишнього середовища та їх впливу на напружено-деформований стан транспортних споруд встановлено, що існують розбіжності в українських та закордонних нормативних документах, щодо врахування значень максимальних та мінімальних температур на стадії проектування транспортних споруд та їх вплив на термонапружений стан. Із проведених експериментальних досліджень встановлено, що на значення розподілу температури впливають метеорологічні умови. У випадку хмарності температура розподіляється рівномірно гофрованим листом конструкції, що пояснюється відсутністю прямого сонячного випромінювання. Також рівномірний розподіл температур металевою гофрованою спорудою спостерігається у нічні години доби. Результати розподілу температури у поперечному напрямі гофрованого листа показали, що існує різниця температур між зовнішньою та внутрішньою сторонами труби. Максимальний перепад температури між внутрішньою та зовнішньою поверхнями листа зафіксовано величиною +10.4ºС. Встановлено, що при ясній погоді між зовнішньою та внутрішньою сторонами металевого гофрованого листа транспортної споруди виникає перепад температур. При цьому температура розподіляється рівномірно гофрованою спорудою із коливанням температур у залежності від впадини чи виступу гофри у межах 1.5ºС. Доведено, що у літній період метал труби із зовнішньої сторони нагрівається до значних температур, у результаті чого існує температурний перепад між зовнішньою нагрітою металевою поверхнею гофрованого листа конструкції та внутрішньою частиною споруди, яка взаємодіє із ґрунтом засипки. Перепад температур може призвести до значних температурних напружень. Тому вивчення складових теплообміну є невід'ємною частиною підготовки даних для розрахунку температурних напружень та деформацій металевих гофрованих конструкцій Ключові слова: транспортні споруди, металеві гофровані конструкції, кліматичні температурні впливи, температура. Постановка проблеми. Транспортні споруди із металевих гофрованих конструкцій у процесі експлуатації зазнають дії комплексу кліматичних факторів [1-4]. Вивчення складових теплообміну є невід'ємною частиною підготовки даних для розрахунку температурних напружень та деформацій.
The materials consider the possibility of using hydrogen as a fuel for suburban rolling stock in Ukraine. The analysis of the use of hydrogen fuel in transport in various countries of the world is carried out. One of the main stages of calculating the rolling stock is the construction of its traction characteristic, which largely depends on the type of power plant. Therefore, a model has been developed for constructing traction characteristics of a suburban rolling stock when it is converted to hydrogen fuel. For this purpose, an analysis of power equipment with an energy source from a polymer of an exchange membrane fuel cell and methods of connecting their batteries to blocks is done. The scheme of power transmission for the rolling stock is proposed and its efficiency coefficient is preliminarily calculated. The main technical indicators of suburban rolling stock in Ukraine at the moment and using proton-exchange membrane fuel cells on it are considered. Preliminary consideration is given to the operation parameters of the electric circuit of the rolling stock under various modes of its motion. The traction characteristic of a suburban mobile suction on hydrogen fuel is constructed. The proposed model is implemented in the software product MathLab.
In the article presented there are considered the mathematical expressions of requirements to safe deformation of buffer elements of wagons according to condition of the motion deceleration by shock with introduction into equation of constant quantities depending on design of the buffer mechanisms and particularities of deformation.
The experimental studies results of temperature distribution over metal corrugated sheet structure surface at positive and negative ambient temperatures are presented. It is established that the temperature is distributed unevenly over the sheet surface along its plane. An analytical method for calculating the temperature field from a fragment of a structure metal sheet in the case of setting the temperature at the sheet area boundaries is presented. The calculation of the temperature field distribution on the metal sheet of the structure with the setting of the temperature along the contour of the sheet is performed. As a result, it is established that at the metal sheet boundaries there is a temperature difference, which can cause the occurrence of temperature stresses and deformations.
The authors have proposed rather simple differential method of calculating the coefficient of shove depending on the moving speed of railway carriage and the ratio of inflexibility of its wheel suspension.
The article deals with the issues of environmental taxation of carbon dioxide emissions by the countries of the European Union and the methodology for calculating the amount of emissions by regulatory documents of Ukraine. It is established that our country's methodology is not adapted to real operating conditions under the influence of cross-border carbon taxation and the "Emissions Trading System". A mathematical model of the impact of power generating stations of states and their contribution to the overall energy balance of the country on the environmental cost and mass emissions of 1 kWh of electricity generation is proposed. The amount of electricity losses during its transportation from the power plant to the electric moving warehouse is determined and is taken into account in the total amount of deductions for the "Emissions Trading System" for DC and AC railway networks. Schemes of transit and local cargo routes are considered on the basis of a real fleet of traction rolling stock of Railways and a network of logistics lines. The passport characteristics of locomotives are analyzed and the amount of emissions and deductions during operation at Rated mode and idle speed is determined. Specific norms for selected routes and train conditions are calculated. The total costs, their cost and the amount of emissions and taxation of selected routes are determined, and rational economic and environmental logistics lines of train traffic are determined on their basis.
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