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Fuel retention and material migration results from JET ITER-like wall beryllium limiter tiles are presented for three operating periods. Ion beam analysis results support the general picture of erosion during limiter configurations with local deposition on tile ends far into the scrape off layer. Similar trends of fuel concentrations are observed in all JET operating periods; (i) low on surfaces exposed to high heat flux and erosion and (ii) higher in deposits. The pattern of fuel retention and deposition correlates with heat flux and distribution of limiter plasmas touching inner and outer limiters. The D/Be ratio in the thickest deposit is ~0.01. Global fuel retention attributed to limiters is < 0.01% of injected fuel. Marker coatings reveal a rapid transition from strong erosion to deposition within 15 mm. This work highlights the need to carefully consider the requirements of marker coatings for long exposure studies in high erosion areas.

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The control of morphology and crystallinity of solution-processed perovskite thin-films for solar cells is the key for further enhancement of the devices' power conversion efficiency and stability. Improving crystallinity and increasing grain size of perovskite films is a proven way to boost the devices' performance and operational robustness, nevertheless this has only been achieved with high-temperature processes. Here, we present an unprecedented low-temperature (<80°C) and ultrafast microwave (MW) annealing process to yield uniform, compact, and crystalline FA 0.83 Cs 0.17 Pb(I (1−x) Br x) 3 perovskite films with full coverage and micrometer-scale grains. We demonstrate that the nominal composition FA 0.83 Cs 0.17 PbI 1.8 Br 1.2 perovskite films annealed at 100 W MW power present the same band gap, similar morphology, and crystallinity of conventionally annealed films, with the advantage of being produced at a lower temperature (below 80°C vs 185°C) and during a very short period of time (∼2.5 min versus 60 min). These results open new avenues to fabricate band gap tunable perovskite films at low temperatures, which is of utmost importance for mechanically flexible perovskite cells and monolithic perovskite based tandem cells applications.

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