Embryogenic cultures and somatic embryos were obtained from immature zygotic embryos of oak (Quercus robur L.) cultured on a modified MS medium and WPM containing BAP (1 mg·l(-1)) and GA3 (1 mg·l(-1)) or BAP and IBA. Germination and conversion of oak somatic embryos into plantlets was achieved on WPM containing a reduced concentration of cytokinin. Linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) somatic embryos developed in embryogenic tissues initiated from immature zygotic embryos cultured on a modified MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.3-2.0 mg·l(-1)). Germination of linden somatic embryos and plantlet formation occurred on MS medium containing a low concentration of IBA. Oak and linden plantlets produced from somatic embryos were successfully established in soil. Somatic embryos and plantlets were also regenerated from embryogenic cultures of Quercus petraea and Tilia platyphyllos.
The influence of tree age, explant source and genotype on micropropagation of mature trees of Sorbus aucuparia has been investigated. Experiments demonstrated the feasibility to use juvenile parts of mature trees for in vitro propagation of selected genotypes. Explants from lower branches and from epicormic shoots of mature trees exhibited high multiplication coefficients of microshoots cultured on modified MS agar nutrient medium supplemented with cytokinin (BA, TDZ) and auxin (IBA). Microshoots produced from juvenile parts of mature trees exhibited good rooting response and produced plants were well adapted to grow in forest soils. The survival of micropropagated trees planted in experimental plots was high and losses during winter were low. Height and diameter increments of micropropagated trees originated from juvenile parts of mature trees were considerable and their dimensions after five years of growth were comparable with the dimensions of trees originated from seeds.
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