Chronic TPTNS appears to be effective in the management of severe OAB in MS, without compromising bladder emptying or inducing side effect. Treatment may be effective even in the absence of an acute cystometric effect. Additional works are required to demonstrate long-term efficacy of TPTNS.

SF-Qualiveen has excellent measurement properties, similar to those of the long form. The new instrument is likely to perform well in the clinical and research context.

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The internal consistency, test-retest reliability and cross-sectional construct validity of the English version of Qualiveen are excellent, and similar to the original French version. Further studies should explore Qualiveen's longitudinal validity and responsiveness.

FI symptoms are frequently severe, QL very altered and anxiety and depression common. FI is frequently associated with other digestive and perineal symptoms, which argue in favour of a multi-disciplinary management of FI.

Italian Qualiveen-30 is a reliable, valid, and responsive measure of UD-related HRQL in SPI patients. Investigators can be confident of the Qualiveen-30 questionnaire's ability in distinguishing between patients in a cross-sectional survey, as well as in measuring within-subject changes over time in clinical trials in French, English, and Italian.

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