Thiol groups of the intra and extracellular molecules are antioxidant and protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, but dynamics data of serum total thiol (sTT) levels in patients at laryngeal cancer are almost absent. Purpose of the study: Determination and comparison the serum total thiol levels at different stages of special treatment methods in laryngeal cancer patients. Material and methods: In twenty-eight laryngeal cancer (T2-3 NX M0 category) patients’ examination of the thiol status dynamics was carried out before, during and after the combined treatment with “ELISA” diagnostics test system. Results: Almost a twofold decrease in sTT content indicators was noted but no identified statistically significant differences between T2 and T3 categories tumors. There was an increase in sTT levels in patients in the postoperative and during radiation therapy period, which, however, were below the control values. At the same time, when the combined treatment was completed, a significant decrease in the level of sTT was noted, which emphasizes the need for long-term antioxidant therapy. Higher sTT levels have been associated with a reduced risk of laryngeal cancer recurrence. Conclusions: In laryngeal cancer patients, the level of serum total thiol was lower than in patients of the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in sTT levels in patients with T2 and T3 tumors. Low levels of the serum total thiol are related with predict a poor outcome for patients.
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) belongs to a family of ATP-independent chaperones and plays a fundamental role in cell physiology in various disease states, including cancer. So, it was found that serum HSP27 levels were significantly increased in patients with various tumors, but their significance in laryngeal carcinoma is not well defined. Purpose of the study. Determination and comparison HSP27 serum levels at different stages of special treatment methods in laryngeal cancer patients. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in 31 patients of laryngeal cancer of T2–3 N0 M0 categories before treatment and at its various stages. The serum HSP27 levels analysis was carried out using the «ELISA» diagnostics test system by enzyme immunoassay. Results. The serum HSP27 levels in patients before treatment and with various types of special treatment are statistically significantly higher than the control values. There was a decrease in serum HSP27 levels in patients after removal of the neoplasm and a slight increase in serum HSP27 levels after completion of radiation therapy. Comparison of initial serum HSP27 values in patients with subsequent relapse of the disease with initial serum HSP27 levels in patients with positive treatment outcomes did not reveal statistically significant differences. Conclusion. The serum HSP27 levels in laryngeal cancer patients are elevated and remain so at all treatment stages. Initial level of serum HSP27 cannot predict tumor recurrence. Keywords: laryngeal cancer, HSP27.
Sinonasal neuroblastoma is a rare malignant tumor with a wide variability of clinical manifestations, which may cause diagnostic difficulty and have hindered the progress in understanding the clinical course and improving outcomes of treatment. Patients often present with nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, recurrent epistaxis, hyposmia, or anosmia. Treatment options consist of surgical resection and before or followed radiation and chemotherapy. We present a case report and short literature review about diagnostic, clinical and histological classification and treatment of this tumor. Keywords: neuroblastoma, nasal cavity, diagnostic, classification, treatment.
The characteristic for most solid tumors cells is the intracellular alkalinization and acidification of the extracellular milieu and this pH gradient inversion (pHe < pHi) is associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. However is there tumor pH (pHi and/or pHe) changes affect on venous blood plasma pH? Purpose of the study. The venous blood acid-base balance before and after the combined treatment, correlation of the venous blood pH indicators (pHb), relationship neoplasm and blood pH in patients with laryngeal cancer was study. Material and methods. Studies were performed in patients with laryngeal cancer categories T2–3 N0 M0 before and after the combined treatment. The patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 – 25 patients before the start of treatment; Group 2 – 21 patients (from Group 1) after completion of the combined treatment; Group 3 – 14 patients from Group 2 with positive results of treatment and Group 4 – 7 patients from Group 2 with a negative result of treatment (recurrence and/or metastasis of the neoplasm). The control group consisted of 15 practically healthy people (Group C). Examination of venous blood acid-base balance of patients, tumor pH and tumor cells pHi and pHe was carried. Results and discussion. The increase in pCO2 and HCO – concentration will result in decrease in the pH, but if these indicators have a clear correlation in the control group, then in patients groups there was a correlation for pHb & pCO2 and pO2 only. Besides, we marked increase in pCO2, HCO –, K+, while pO decreased in pHb after the combined treatment. It is necessary to point out the differences between some benchmarks and indicators of acid-base balance in the plasma of venous blood in primary patients and patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer. So, if pHb, pO2, and Cl– patients have statistically significant differences from control data, then differences with control pCO2 values are characteristic only for patients of Groups 1 and 3. On the contrary, differences in the HCO – indices are characteristic only for patients of Group 4. There are statistically significant differences from the control indicators K+, Na+, Ca2+, Glu, Lac, mOsm in patients of the first group and Cl– and Lac of patients in the third group. Among the indicators in the third and fourth groups of patients, statistically significant differences were noted in the values of pHb, HCO – and Glu.In patients of groups 1 and 4, the determination of pHt and the calculation of pHi, pHe revealed decrease in pHt and pHe with increasing pHi in patients with recurrence of the neoplasm.The final stage of the study was to determine the relationship (and not correlation) of blood pH and laryngeal tumors and the relationship was noted in the «pHb-tumor» system in primary patients, but in patients in 3 and 4 Groups, that «pHb-tumor» connection is rather contradictory. Conclusion. Acid-base balance indicators obviously cannot be considered as unconditional markers of carcinogenesis, but their monitoring and, in particular, venous blood pH, of patients after special treatment, can help determine the risk group of patients who may develop of a malignant neoplasm recurrence. Keywords: acid-base balance, laryngeal cancer, se, prognosis.
Same questions about etiology and clinical symptomatic of vocal fold paresis/paralysis, e. g. iatrogenic/traumatic, associated with neoplasm or with infectious and systemic diseases in this review are present. Keywords: larynx, anatomy, innervations, paresis, paralysis.
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