No abstract
Introduction Trochlear dysplasia (TD) is a condition that is characterized by the presence of either a flat or convex trochlear, which impedes the stability of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). The PFJ function is dependent on many different structures that surround the knee joint. The aim of this study was to analyse all the muscle components around the PFJ and identify whether gross muscle imbalance could contribute to the stability of the patella in TD. Material and methods The average cross-sectional area (CSA) and cross-sectional area ratio (CSAR) of each muscle of the thigh region in subtypes of TD was evaluated and compared to normal knee joints. Ninety-eight patients (196 knees in total) were included in the study. Results Of the 196 knee joints that were reviewed, 10 cases were found to be normal. In total, 186 cases were positive for TD. The majority consisted of type C. The hamstring muscles showed variable results. The vastus medialis muscle was larger in comparison to the vastus lateralis muscle over all the different TD subtypes; however, no statistical significance was identified. There was a marked statistical significance between the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, especially when comparing this to the normal knees within our cohort. Conclusions This study revealed no significant difference in the effect of the thigh muscle CSA on the stability of the PFJ in TD. Further research is required to establish the roles of the different muscles around PFJ in the prevention of TD dislocation.
Acute hamstring injuries are often caused by the heel hook technique. This technique is unique to climbing and causes injury to muscular and inert tissues of the posterior thigh. The heel hook is used by climbers during strenuous ascent on overhanging walls and when crossing difficult terrain. The technique reduces the amount of upper body strength required during strenuous climbing because the climber's center of mass is retained within the base of support. The heel hook is stressful collectively for the hamstring muscle group and musculotendinous junction. Depending on injury severity, both conservative and surgical methods exist for the management of hamstring injuries. Contemporary approaches to rehabilitation primarily advocate the use of eccentric muscle strengthening strategies because of high rates of elongation stress associated with sprinting and team sports. However, there is reason to doubt whether this alone is sufficient to rehabilitate the climbing athlete in light of the high degree of concentric muscle strength required in the heel hook maneuver. This review examines the contemporary rehabilitation and strength and conditioning literature in relation to the management of acute hamstring musculotendinous injuries for the climbing athlete. The review provides a comprehensive approach for the rehabilitation and athletic preparation of the climbing athlete from the initial injury to full return to sports participation.
No abstract
Introduction Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional rotational change in the normal shape of the spine which affects children aged 10 to 18 years. Both the condition and its management can have significant impact on functional ability. Currently, expected restriction in spinal motion is experience based, rather than evidence based, and discussions to inform patient expectations pre-operatively can be difficult. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence pertaining to measurement of spinal motion and whether this is altered following surgery, dependent on the anatomical level of surgical fixation in AIS. Methods/analysis This protocol is reported in line with both PRISMA-P and informed by the COSMIN methodology. Electronic databases will be searched using a two-stage search strategy. The first stage will identify and evaluate the methods used to assess spinal motion. The second stage aims to evaluate the change in spinal motion using these methods based on anatomical level of fixation following surgery along with the measurement properties of those methods, to include the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the methods. Two reviewers will independently screen the search results against eligibility criteria, extract the data and assess the quality of the included studies. Any disputes between the reviewers will be resolved with a third independent reviewer. Data may be pooled where possible; however, this is not expected. The overall strength of the body of evidence will then be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Patient and public involvement Patients and members of the public will not be consulted in the production of this review, although the review was conceived based on the experiences of the authors when managing this patient population and a need to address patient expectations in pre-operative planning. Ethics, dissemination and data availability No ethical approval required. The final review will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and disseminated publicly. The datasets used and/or analysed in this review will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration number. CRD42021282264.
Climbing has developed into a professional sport with worldwide participation. Olympic climbing consists of lead climbing, speed climbing, and bouldering. The objective of speed climbing is to reach the top of the route in the fastest time. Speed climbing has not been subjected to the same level of investigation as other types of climbing. A strength and power base underpins performance in speed climbing. This physiological and mechanical basis provides the foundations for effective program design for the speed climber. Effective programming should incorporate a longterm planning approach that is based on a needs analysis of the sport and the climber's physical qualities. The development of high performance will involve the sequential application of regional hypertrophy, maximal strength, explosive strength training, plyometrics, and climbing-specific training to a varying degree.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.