An interdisciplinary approach to the care of 155 WG patients resulted in a median survival of >21 years. Kidney or lung involvement at diagnosis was predictive of a >3-fold higher mortality. Although CYC remains essential in the treatment of WG, it was administered as briefly as possible and under close surveillance to avoid permanent CYC-related morbidity, which can lead to serious therapeutic problems in chronic relapsing WG.

These definitions provide standards that may improve future comparisons of low back pain prevalence figures by person, place and time characteristics, and offer opportunities for statistical summaries.

PurposeA systematic review was carried out to assess evidence for the association between different models of stress at work, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.MethodsA literature search was conducted using five databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PSYNDEX and PsycINFO). Inclusion criteria for studies were the following: self-reported stress for individual workplaces, prospective study design and incident disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, angina pectoris, high blood pressure). Evaluation, according to the criteria of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, was done by two readers. In case of disagreement, a third reader was involved.ResultsTwenty-six publications were included, describing 40 analyses out of 20 cohorts. The risk estimates for work stress were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of cardiovascular disease in 13 out of the 20 cohorts. Associations were significant for 7 out of 13 cohorts applying the demand–control model, all three cohorts using the effort–reward model and 3 out of 6 cohorts investigating other models. Most significant results came from analyses considering only men. Results for the association between job stress and cardiovascular diseases in women were not clear. Associations were weaker in participants above the age of 55.ConclusionsIn accordance with other systematic reviews, this review stresses the importance of psychosocial factors at work in the aetiology of cardiovascular diseases. Besides individual measures to manage stress and to cope with demanding work situations, organisational changes at the workplace need to be considered to find options to reduce occupational risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

No abstract

No abstract

Objective. To determine the long-term outcome in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) over 4 decades in an academic hospital unit specializing in rheumatology.Methods. We included 290 patients, divided them into 2 cohorts, and compared them with the historical cohort of 155 patients. Comparisons were retrospective regarding disease manifestations, therapy, mortality, and incidence of malignancies. The historical cohort (cohort 1) included 155 patients diagnosed between 1966 and 1993, cohort 2 included 123 patients diagnosed between 1994 and 1998, and cohort 3 included 167 patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2002.Results. Over time, the interval between first symptoms and diagnosis was reduced by half (from 8 months to 4 months). Organ manifestations were similar in the 3 cohorts, and more than 80% of patients still required cyclophosphamide (CYC); however, the median cumulative dose was reduced significantly (from 67 gm in cohort 1 to 36 gm in cohort 2 and to 24 gm in cohort 3). The standardized mortality ratios ( Conclusion. Mortality of WG patients declined over the last 4 decades, probably due to improved diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and increased awareness of WG, which led to earlier diagnosis and therapy, reduction in relapse rates, and lower cumulative CYC dose with fewer deaths related to therapy.

Particular attention should be paid to preventive organizational measures such as avoiding long-time separation from family, time-pressure, extremely long working days, and a long stay on board.

No abstract