Whole body exposure to ionizing radiation induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different tissues provoking oxidative damage, organ dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. The present study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of grape seed extract (GSE), rich in proanthocyanidins against gamma-radiation-induced oxidative stress in heart and pancreas tissues associated with serum metabolic disturbances. Irradiated rats were whole body exposed to 5 Gy gamma-radiation. GSE-treated irradiated rats received 100 mg GSE/kg/day, by gavage, for 14 days before irradiation. The animals were killed on days 1, 14 and 28 after irradiation. Significant decreases of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities associated with significant increases of TBARS levels were recorded in both tissues after irradiation. GSE administration pre-irradiation significantly attenuated the radiation-induced oxidative stress in heart tissues which was substantiated by a significant amelioration of serum LDH, CPK and AST activities. GSE treatment also attenuated the oxidative stress in pancreas tissues which was associated with a significant improvement in radiation-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that GSE would protect the heart and pancreas tissues from oxidative damage induced by ionizing irradiation.
It could be concluded that hesperidin might attenuate the severity of radiation-induced biochemical disorders in brain tissues.
FO attenuates the severity of radiation-induced biochemical disorders in the brain by counteracting the radiation-induced decrease of EPA and DHA. Further studies are needed concerning the long-term implications of our findings.
Mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic properties that are related to their potentials for trans-differentiation, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, inhibitory effect on tumor proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. This study was performed to analyze the role of mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative for cellular signaling growth factors involved in the pathogenesis of leukemogenesis in rats. Treatment of rats with 7,12-dimethyl benz [a] anthracene induced leukemogenesis appeared as a significant decrease in hematological parameters with concomitant significant increase in bone marrow oxidative and inflammatory indices (transforming growth factor beta and interleukin-6) in comparison with normal groups. On the contrary, Western immunoblotting showed a significant increase in the signaling growth factors: PI3K, AKT, mTOR proteins and a significant decrease in PTEN in 7,12-dimethyl benz [a] anthracene-treated group. In addition, a significant increase in the transcript levels of B cell lymphoma-2 protein gene in the 7,12-dimethyl benz [a] anthracene group, while that of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4 and B cell lymphoma-2 protein associated x-protein were significantly downregulated compared to controls. Meanwhile, therapeutic mesenchymal stem cells treatment predict a significant improvement versus 7,12-dimethyl benz [a] anthracene group through the modulation of growth factors that confront bone marrow dysplasia. In the same direction treatment of 7,12-dimethyl benz [a] anthracene group with mesenchymal stem cells, it induced apoptosis and increased the homing efficacy to bone marrow. In conclusion, mesenchymal stem cells improve hematopoiesis and alleviate inflammation, and modulated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway contributed to experimental leukemogenesis.
Omega-3 essential fatty acids (ω-3 FATs); found in the highest concentrations in fish oil, claim a plethora of health benefits. The present study aims to evaluate the biological effects of ω-3 FATs supplementation against Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) induced inflammation, oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver tissue of albino mouse. ω-3 FATs were orally administered via gavage to mice for a period of 30 consecutive days at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. On the 7th day of ω-3 FATs administration, female mice were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of Ehrlich ascite carcinoma for solid tumor induction. The present study revealed that, subcutaneous injection of Ehrlich solid tumor led to hepatic oxidative stress (as significant increase in lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive species, TBARS), concomitant with a significant decrease in glutathione and antioxidant enzymes), systemic inflammation (significant increases in C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factoralpha and leukocyte counts) and biochemical alterations (as increase in liver function enzymes)). While in the tumor tissue, significant increase in tumor TBARS content and non significant changes in glutathione and antioxidant enzymes were observed. Histopathological studies showed that EC cells metastasis caused fatty degeneration, enlargement of liver cells nuclei and presence of necrosis. Pretreatment of animals with ω-3 FATs significantly reduced tumor size and markedly improved most of the biochemical parameters associated with the inoculation of EC. It could be concluded that ω-3 FATs administrated to mice, reduce tumor size, inhibit systemic inflammation, improving liver function profile, modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting antioxidant defense system in EC bearing mice.
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