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The objective of this study is to analyze life cycle energy and CO2 emission profiles by employing an input-output analysis method for urban houses in major cities of Indonesia. Two surveys investigating building material inventory and household energy consumption within individual houses were conducted in Bandung in 2011 and 2012. The results show that, if reused and recycled materials were assumed to be zero, the averaged embodied energy for simple, medium and luxurious houses in Bandung was larger than that for their respective houses in Jakarta. Overall, the average annual energy consumption of all samples in Jakarta was approximately 20.6 GJ, which is 5.0 GJ larger than that in Bandung. In terms of life cycle energy, the operational energy accounted for 79%-86% and 69%-81% of the total for respective houses in Jakarta and Bandung. The profiles of life cycle CO2 emissions are similar to those of energy. The results of the scenario analysis prove that the promotion of reusing/recycling is important to reduce building material inputs/waste and their corresponding embodied energy. It is also important to reduce the use of airconditioning for operational energy in the future by adopting passive cooling techniques wherever possible.

In times of rapid urbanization, increasing usage of chemicals in buildings, and energy saving measures, the topic of indoor air quality (IAQ) demands reinforced attention. Nevertheless, especially in developing countries with urgent building construction needs, IAQ has hardly been examined. This study investigates the condition of IAQ and health of occupants in newly constructed high-rise apartments in contrast to traditional detached houses (Kampongs) in Surabaya, Indonesia. Information on building attributes, cleaning and ventilation behavior, interior sources, personal characteristics and health, especially multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), was collected through 471 questionnaires. In addition, 76 measurements of TVOCs, formaldehyde and 30 measurements of mold risk were carried out. The results showed that the share of people in apartments with a very suggestive risk of MCS was twice as high as that in Kampongs (17.6% vs. 6.7%). Correlation analysis suggested that for both residential types, health problems, negative smell or perception of IAQ, and higher levels of stress determined higher degrees of MCS. For IAQ, high concentrations of formaldehyde and TVOCs were measured in apartments and corresponded to higher MCS risk, whereas severe mold issues were predicted in Kampongs. This study suggests major shortcomings in the indoor environment in newly constructed apartments for the physical and the mental health of occupants.

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This research was initiated by the factors of poor indoor air quality conditions. So that it can cause Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) or sick building syndrome. The purpose of this research is to measure the picture of air quality conditions in non-slum rooms. The sample in this study was Pasteur Village RW6, Sukajadi District which was selected based on criteria, namely including non-slum areas, as well as high community participation. The research method used was cross-sectional. The results showed an overview of indoor air quality in non-slum dwellings, humidity was above the required standard, thus triggering fungal growth rates that exceeded normal limits. The temperature parameter is in the required category, but based on the findings, some people are uncomfortable with the room temperature in the house. The Formadehilda and VOC parameters are within normal limits, this is indicated because most people do not use chemical products, rarely smoke in the house, and rarely start motorized vehicles in the house.Keywords: Indoor Air Quality, Sick Building Sindrome (SBS) Abstrak: Penelitian ini diawali oleh faktor kondisi kualitas udara di dalam ruangan yang buruk. Sehingga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) atau sindrom bangunan sakit. Tujuan peneltian ini adalah untuk mengukur gambaran kondisi kualitas udara di dalam ruangan non kumuh. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah Kelurahan Pasteur RW6, Kecamatan Sukajadi yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria yaitu termasuk kawasan non kumuh, serta partisipasi masyarakat yang tinggi. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran kualitas udara di dalam ruangan pada rumah tinggal non kumuh, kelembaban berada di atas standar yang dipersyaratkan, sehingga memicu tingkat pertumbuhan jamur yang melampaui batas normal. Parameter suhu berada dalam kategori yang dipersyaratkan, namun berdasarkan hasil temuan sebagian masyarakat kurang nyaman dengan suhu ruang pada rumah tinggal. Parameter Formadehilda dan VOC berada pada batas normal, hal tersebut diindikasikan karena sebagian besar masyarakat tidak menggunakan produk-produk kimia, jarang melakukan aktivitas merokok di dalam rumah, serta jarang menghidupkan mesin kendaraan bermotor di dalam rumah. Kata Kunci: kualitas udara di dalam ruangan, Sick Building Sindrome (SBS)

The recent rapid population and economic growth in Southeast Asia has brought about drastic socio-economic changes, such as urbanization and an agricultural shift. Urbanization consists of concentrating a population from a rural to an urban area and expanding urban areas, which pushes farmland outward. The current development diagram generates and accumulates disaster risk as an extensive risk; however, the relationship between developmental progress and the increase in disaster risk must be determined for sustainable development to be achieved.We assessed the effects of land-use changes driven by economic growth on sedimentation in a river reach of the upper Citarum River basin in Indonesia. The land-use changes in the 20 years from 1990 to 2010 were driven by economic growth and urbanization around Bandung city and are typical for Southeast Asia. Urbanization was characterized by expansion of the urban area, replacement of paddy fields, and cultivation of forest into upland fields for cash crops. As a result, sediment runoff from the hillside to the plate increased from 0.17 Mton year −1 to 0.24 Mton year −1 , and sediment deposition on the plate increased from 0.11 Mton year −1 to 0.13 Mton year −1 .This amount corresponded to about 30% of the sediment dredged for flood control in 2013. These results indicate that the land-use changes had a direct impact on humans under the heavy rainfall and a wide plate with steep hillside characteristics of Southeast Asian islands. We revealed the relationship between developmental progress and increased disaster risk. The results suggest that forest cultivation and the increased flood risk in the urban area were directly connected through land-use driven by rapid economic growth and urbanization.

- This research is motivated by the poor air quality in the room at home that can cause Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). The purpose of this research is to increase public awareness of the environment through indoor air quality workshops, with a Pre-Experimental method and One Group Pre-Test Post-Test research design. The sample in this study was Pasteur RW6, Sukajadi District at Bandung City, which was selected based on criteria including non slum areas, as well as high community participation. The results showed that the level of public awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and actions on air quality in the room before the Workshop was in the medium category. Then it increased after the Workshop, which was on a relatively moderate increase in knowledge. This can be seen from the majority of people who already know the importance of indoor air quality, but the knowledge of specific components that affect indoor air quality is still not understood. Whereas attitudes and actions experienced a relatively small increase due to the knowledge gained in the Workshop not being implemented in the form of real attitudes and actions in daily life because people's habits are difficult to change. Keywords – Environmental Awareness, Indoor Air Quality, Workshop, Community Awareness