Tuberkulosis (TB) sampai saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, walaupun upaya pengendalian strategi directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) telah diterapkan di banyak negara. Masalah yang dihadapi di negara maju maupun negara berkembang adalah keterlambatan mendiagnosis TB paru. Keterlambatan dalam diagnosis dan pengobatan TB paru dapat berasal dari pasien atau dari sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam (BTA) menurut International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) dengan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pada pasien TB paru dewasa di Rumah Sakit Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret–Juni tahun 2018 dan subjek penelitian ini data pasien tuberkulosis paru di RS Al Islam dengan minimal sampel sebanyak 76 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa rekam medis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan BTA negatif dengan lesi minimal 21 dari 34, BTA+1 dengan lesi minimal 18 dari 23, BTA +2 dengan lesi moderately advanced 14 dari 21, dan BTA +3 lesi far advanced 16 dari 23. Hasil analisis Fisher’s Exact didapatkan nilai p=0.00 dengan kekuatan korelasi (rho) 0,51. Simpulan, terdapat hubungan cukup erat antara hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam dan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pasien tuberculosis paru di RS Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPUTUM EXAMINATION RESULTS OF ACID FAST BACILLI AND EXTENT OF RADIOLOGICAL LESIONS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AT AL ISLAM HOSPITAL BANDUNGTuberculosis (TB) is still a public health problem in the world, although direct observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy control has been implemented in many countries. The problem faced in both developed and developing countries is the delay in diagnosing pulmonary TB. The delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB can come from the patient or from the health care system. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between sputum examination results of acid fast bacilli (AFB) according to International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and extent of radiological lesions in patients with adult pulmonary TB at Al Islam Hospital Bandung from 2016–2017. This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted in March–June of 2018 and the subjects of this study were pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Al Islam Hospital with a minimum of 76 samples selected by purposive sampling and meeting inclusion criteria. Instrument data collection in the form of medical record. The results showed AFB negative with minimal lesion 21 of 24, AFB + 1 with minimal lesion 18 of 23, AFB +2 with moderately advanced lesions 14 of 21, and AFB +3 far advanced lesions 14 of 23. Fisher’s exact analysis results obtained p=0.00 with correlation power (rho) 0.51. In conclution that there is a sufficiently close relationship between the results of examination of acid fast bacilli sputum and an extend of radiological lung tuberculosis patients in RS Al Islam Bandung from 2016–2017.
AbstrakPenanganan penyakit infeksi diperlukan suatu imunostimulator. Propolis adalah campuran resin yang dikumpulkan lebah dari tumbuh-tumbuhan, digunakan sebagai material isolasi sarang lebah, merupakan bahan yang berpotensi sebagai imunostimulator. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu Universitas Gadjah Mada pada Januari-Maret 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peningkatan aktivitas dan kapasitas fagositosis kultur makrofag yang diberi ekstrak etanol propolis terhadap Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Desain penelitian eskperimen. Ke dalam kultur makrofag yang diperoleh dari tiga orang subjek, masing-masing diberi ekstrak etanol propolis 6,25; 12,5; 25; 50, dan 100 µg/mL serta kontrol tanpa ekstrak etanol propolis. Inkubasi dilakukan satu hari. Kultur diinfeksikan EPEC selama 30 menit, diwarnai dengan Giemsa dan diamati dengan mikroskop. Persentase aktivitas fagositosis diperoleh dengan menghitung jumlah makrofag yang aktif dalam 100 makrofag. Nilai kapasitas fagositosis diperoleh dengan menghitung jumlah bakteri yang difagosit oleh 50 makrofag. Uji analysis of variance (ANOVA) menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan aktivitas maupun kapasitas fagositosis kultur makrofag yang diberi ekstrak etanol propolis dibanding dengan kontrol (p=0,000). Uji Tukey HSD pada aktivitas fagositosis menunjukkan hasil signifikan antara kontrol dan konsentrasi 6,25 µg/mL (p=0,008), sedangkan pada kapasitas fagositosis terlihat antara kontrol dan konsentrasi 12,5 µg/mL (p=0,001). Simpulan, ekstrak etanol propolis meningkatkan aktivitas dan kapasitas fagositosis kultur makrofag terhadap EPEC dengan konsentrasi minimum 12,5 µg/mL. Effect of Ethanolic Extract Propolis on Phagocytosis Activity and Capacity in Macrophages Culture Infected by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) AbstractThe use of immunostimulant for infectious diseases treatment is needed. Propolis is a mixture of resin collected from plants by bees and used as an insulating material in beehives which has a potential as immunostimulant. This study was performed at Laboratory of Research and Integrated Testing, Gadjah Mada University, in January− March 2013. This experimental research aimed to analyze the increase of phagocytosis activity and capacity on macrophages culture added by propolis ethanolic extract against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). The design of this study was experimental study. Macrophage cultures obtained from three subjects were individually culture supplemented with the 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL propolis ethanolic extract. A control without the addition of propolis ethanolic extract is also used. Cultures were incubated for one day. Macrophage cultures were infected by EPEC for 30 minutes, stained by Giemsa, and observed by microscope. Percentage of phagocytosis activity is determined by the number of active macrophages per 100 macrophages. The phagocytosis capacity value was determined by counting the number of bacteria that were phagocytized by 50 macrophages. Analysis of variance ...
AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas makrofag, karena makrofag berperan penting dalam respons imun dan untuk menganalisis aktivitas fagositosis karena efek flavonoid dan polisakarida umbi iles-iles pada respons imun tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efek imunostimulasi ekstrak etanol umbi ilesiles terhadap aktivitas fagositosis sel makrofag pada tikus putih strain Wistar yang diinokulasi Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental laboratorium rancang acak lengkap terhadap tikus putih strain Wistar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dan dilaksanakan bulan Januari-Maret 2012. Tikus putih strain Wistar sebanyak 30 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Tikus putih strain Wistar pada setiap perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama 7 hari pada tanggal 1-7 Januari 2012. Parameter efek imunostimulan ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles terhadap aktivitas makrofag secara mikroskopis adalah peningkatan jumlah makrofag, indeks fagositosis, dan secara makroskopis adalah peningkatan indeks hati, limpa, serta timus. Secara mikroskopis melalui gambaran makrofag yang dinilai setelah 1, 3 jam, dan 6 jam inokulasi S. aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah makrofag pada kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 220 mg/kgBB pada perlakuan setelah 1, 3, dan 6 jam lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 110 mg/kgBB dan 55 mg/kgBB (p<0,05), begitu juga jika dibanding dengan kelompok pembanding Zymosan A dan kontrol (p<0,05). Simpulan, ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis BL.) memiliki efek imunostimulan dan memiliki efektivitas peningkatan respons imun lebih baik dibanding dengan kontrol pembanding zymosan A 35 mg/kgBB. [MKB. 2016;48(2):68-77] Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol, indeks fagositosis, indeks hati, makrofag, umbi iles-iles The Effect of Iles-iles Tubers Ethanol Extract Immunostimulant on Macrophages Cell Phagocytic Activities in Wistar Strain White Rat Inoculated by Staphylococcus aureus AbstractThis study was conducted to test the activity of macrophages based on the notion that macrophages play an important role in the immune response. This study analyzed the phagocytic activities due to the effects of flavonoids and polysaccharides iles-iles tubers in the immune response. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunostimulation effect of iles-iles tubers ethanol extract on phagocytic activities of macrophages in Wistar strain white rat inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. This study used a complete randomized design with wistar strain white rat. This study was conducted at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from January-March 2012. Wistar strain white rats (n=30) were divided into 5 groups. Wistar strain white rats in each treatment group were given treatment that was administered orally for 7 days from 1-7 January 2012. The result shows that the number of macrophages in iles-iles tubers ethanol extract group that re...
Penemuan antimikrob menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam pengobatan dan kemajuan medis. Tantangan dalam pengobatan menggunakan antibiotik adalah resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik yang digunakan. Salah satu bakteri yang mengalami resistensi adalah Staphylococcus aureus. Oleh karena itu, diteliti alternatif pengobatan dengan menggunakan tumbuhan yang berpotensi memiliki kemampuan antibakteri. Buah kurma varietas Ajwa telah diteliti memiliki beberapa senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Kurma Ajwa juga telah disebutkan di dalam Al-Quran dan Al-Hadits. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak akuades buah kurma Ajwa dengan melihat luas zona hambat serta konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) pada Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental secara in vitro dan bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode difusi dengan menggunakan sumuran dan metode dilusi padat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Mikrobiologi Poltekkes Bandung. Didapatkan rerata hasil zona hambat adalah 5,87 mm yang termasuk kategori sedang, KHM pada konsentrasi 50%, dan KBM belum dapat ditemukan. Berdasar atas uji statistik, hasil penelitian uji difusi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak akuades buah kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varietas Ajwa berpengaruh menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF EXTRACT AQUADES AJWA DATE (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN VITROThe discovery of antimicrobials has been significantly important for current treatments and the future developments in the medical field. One of the challenges faced in the usage of antibiotics is the resistance imposed by the bacteria towards the antibiotics itself. An example of such bacteria that experiences thisresistance is Staphylococcus aureus. As a result, studies regarding alternatives of treatments, specifically those utilizing various plants that may potentially have antibacterial properties are conducted. Previous studies have already shown that date palms of the Ajwa variety, known as Phoenix dactylifera, contains several active compounds that are potential antioxidants and exhibit antibacterial properties. The Ajwa date palm has also been mentioned in several scriptures of the Al-Quran and Al-Hadits. The objective of this study was to understand the antibacterial properties of aquadest-extracted Phoenix dactylifera through the measurement of the area of the zone of inhibition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Staphylococcus aureus. This study involves the use of an experimental method, known as in vitro, and is also a descriptive observational study with a quantitative approach. The methodology used consists of the well diffusion method and the solid dilution method. This study was conducted at Laboratorium Terpadu Mikrobiologi Poltekkes Bandung. The results of this study show an average zone of inhibition of 5.87 mm which is categorized as medium, a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50%, and a minimum bactericidal concentration that is yet to be found. Based on statistical tests, the result of the diffusion method shows that the aquadest-extracted Phoenix dactylifera is influential in inhibiting the growth of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Background: Awareness about health problems caused by air conditioner is very important. Thus, it is crucial to have knowledge about proper maintenance of air conditioner. At the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, air conditioners are used in every tutorial rooms. This study was performed to provide adequate information on the fungi, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium and Mucor, found in air conditioners. Methods: A descriptive laboratory study was used to identify the presence and the type of pathogenic fungi from air conditioners in tutorial rooms. Thirty-four samples were collected from the air outlet grille of the air conditioners and cultured on Sabouraud agar at 27°C for 2 weeks. Fungi presence were then identified microscopically Results: The results showed that the majority of air conditioners in tutorial rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, University Padjadjaran contained many types of fungus that grew in Sabouraud agar. From 34 samples, thirty two samples were positive and 2 samples were negative. Various fungus have been identified, those were Penicillium (37.5%), Aspergillus (25%), Mucor (2.5%) and unidentified (35%) Conclusions: The majority of air conditioners in tutorial rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran contained many types of opportunistic fungus.
Diare merupakan penyakit endemis di Indonesia. Angka kematian diare paling banyak pada anak usia 5 tahun ke bawah. Jawa Barat menempati posisi pertama dalam penderita balita terbanyak. Berdasar atas data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bandung, kejadian diare banyak tersebar di Kabupaten Bandung. Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bojongsoang mengalami peningkatan kasus diare balita pada tahun 2019. Diare disebakan oleh faktor lingkungan, faktor ibu, faktor anak, dan sosiodemografi. Studi ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko diare pada balita berusia 0 - 59 bulan. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Responden berjumlah 43 orang, dilakukan selama bulan september 2020 menggunakan rumus perkiraan proporsi, tingkat kepercayaan 90%, margin of error 1%, dan dipilih dengan teknik purposive. Terdapat hasil sebanyak 51% (22 orang) balita non ASI eksklusif dan 93% (40 orang) balita memiliki status gizi baik. Pada faktor sosiodemografi, sebanyak 49% (21 orang) ibu dengan pendidikan terakhir SLTP/MTS. Pada faktor ibu, sebanyak 95% (41 orang) ibu memiliki pengetahuan PHBS yang baik dan 77% (33 orang) ibu memiliki sikap PHBS yang baik. Pada faktor lingkungan, sebanyak 58% (25 orang) balita memiliki sarana air bersih yang baik dan 65% (28 orang) memiliki sarana jamban yang baik. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah masih banyak balita non ASI eksklusif. Pengetahuan dan sikap PHBS baik, tetapi banyak ibu belum terbiasa melakukan PHBS. Masih banyak sarana air secara fisik tidak layak dan jamban yang kurang baik karena belum memiliki pembuangan kotoran sesuai aturan yang dapat menyebarkan bakteri penyebab diare. Disarankan pada institut terkait agar dapat mengajak para ibu menerapkan PHBS dan memberi ASI eksklusif.Diarrhea Risk Factors in Toddlers (0-59 Months) in Bojongsoang Primary Health Care Region in 2019Diarrhea is an endemic disease in Indonesia. Diarrhea mortality rates mostly occur in toddlers. West Java occupies the first position in most toddlers who experience diarrhea. Based on the Bandung District Public Health Office data, the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers spread in the Bandung district. In 2019, it has increased in Bojongsoang Primary Health Care region. Some of the risk factors are environmental factors, maternal factors, child factors, and sociodemography. This study was conducted to discover the risk factors for diarrhea in toddlers. During September 2020 the method used was a cross-sectional descriptive observational. A sample of 43 people was calculated by estimating proportions with a credibility level of 90%, a 1% margin of error, and were selected using purposive sampling. The results are 51% (22 people) toddlers were not exclusively breastfed and 93% (40 people) had a good nutritional status. In sociodemographic, 49% (21 people) mothers attended Junior High School. In the maternal factor, 95% (41 people) mothers had good PHBS knowledge and 77% (33 people) had a good attitude. In environmental factors, 58% (25 children) toddlers have good water facilities and 65% (28 people) have good latrine facilities. The conclusion is there are still many toddlers unexclusively breastfed. Good mother’s PHBS knowledge and attitude, but did not implement. Many poor water facilities physically and poor latrines due to unproper sewage disposal that can spread bacteria that causes diarrhea. It is suggested that the primary health care should be able to encourage mothers to apply PHBS and provide exclusive breastfeeding.
AbstrakImunisasi pertusis yang hanya diberikan pada masa bayi tidak dapat memberikan proteksi jangka panjang, sehingga terjadi reemerging pertusis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan usia remaja, dewasa, dan orang tua dengan titer IgG pertusis menggunakan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dan mikroaglutinasi pertusis (MAP). Penelitian observasi analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang ini dilakukan pada 402 subjek yang terdiri atas 134 remaja (12-18 tahun), 187 dewasa (19-49 tahun), dan 81 orang tua (50-64 tahun) di kota Bandung periode 2008-2010. IgG pertusis ditentukan dengan metode ELISA dan MAP. IgG pertusis positif berdasarkan ELISA ditemukan berturut-turut pada 92 (68,7%) remaja, 143 (76,5%) dewasa, dan 72 (88,9%) orang tua (p=0,003). Menggunakan metode MAP persentase IgG pertusis positif pada usia remaja, dewasa, dan orang tua berturut-turut sebesar 27 (20,1%), 9 (4,8%), dan 3 (3,37%), terjadi penurunan dengan bertambahnya usia (p<0,001), menunjukkan proteksi imunisasi tidak dapat bertahan lama. Bila sampel dengan MAP positif dikeluarkan untuk memperoleh titer IgG pertusis akibat infeksi pertusis alamiah maka diperoleh persentase IgG pertusis positif 68,9%. Simpulan, terdapat hubungan antara usia dan titer IgG pertusis positif pada populasi remaja, dewasa, dan orang tua di kota Bandung menggunakan metode ELISA dan MAP. Persentase IgG positif hasil pengukuran ELISA meningkat dengan semakin bertambahnya usia. [MKB. 2011;43(1):10-5].Kata kunci: Bordetella pertussis, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, IgG, mikroaglutinasi Pertussis IgG Titer Percentage in Adolescents, Adults, and Elderly Using ELISA Method and Pertussis Microagglutination AbstractPertussis antigen which only given in primary immunization, could not protect for a long period. In some countries whooping cough became an reemerging disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between age and percentage of positive IgG pertussis in adolescent, adult, and elderly population using enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microagglutination. This observational analytic with cross sectional study was done on 402 subjects, consisted of 134 adolescents (12-18 years), 187 adults (19-49 years), and 81 elderly (50-64 years) in Bandung, period 2008-2010. Titer of pertussis IgG was measured using ELISA and microagglutination of pertussis (MAP). The ELISA results showed positive IgG pertussis in 92 (68.7%) adolescent, 143 (76.5%) adults, and 72 (88.9%) elderly (p=0.003). The results of MAP showed positive pertussis IgG in adolescent, adults, and elderly were 27 (20.1%), 9 (4.8%), and 3 (3.37%), respectively, which was decreased with age (p<0.001). If MAP positive samples were excluded from the analysis in ELISA positive samples, which express the IgG pertussis due to contact with circulate B, the pertussis IgG positive was 68.9%. In conclusion, there is a correlation between age and percentage of positive IgG pertussis titer in adolescent, adult, and ederly population in Bandung using ELISA and MAP...
Abstract. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a new disease that first appeared in Wuhan, China. Then Covid-19 by WHO was designated as a pandemic because it has spread to various parts of the world, one of which is in Indonesia. Covid-19 first entered Indonesia in March 2020, there was a spike in cases every day, so to prevent the spread and increase in Covid-19 cases, the government issued a policy, namely establishing Work From Home, which means that all activities were initially carried out outside the home. now done at home. One of the impacts of WFH is an increase in pregnancy rates. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there is a relationship between WFH and delivery rates by looking at the data on mothers giving birth before WFH on 29 November–3 January 2020 and after WFH on 29 November–3 January 2021 at the Ibrahim Adjie Kiaracondong Health Center, Bandung City. In this study, it was found that 117 mothers gave birth at term, 1 preterm and 1 postterm. The relationship between WFH and delivery rate was carried out using thetest Spearman. The normality test in this study showed that it was not normally distributed. The correlation coefficient on labor rates and WFH is 0.230, this number indicates that there is a relationship between the two variables but it is not strong. In the study, it was found that the number of deliveries after WFH decreased, this could happen because many mothers gave birth in midwives or other maternity services due to fear of contracting Covid-19 and the temporary cessation of family planning services. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between WFH and the rate ofdelivery term at the Ibrahim Adjie Kiaracondong Public Health Center, Bandung City. Abstrak. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) adalah penyakit baru yang pertama kali muncul di Wuhan, China. Kemudian Covid-19 oleh WHO ditetapkan sebagai pandemi dikarenakan sudah menyebar ke berbagai belahan dunia salah satunya di Indonesia. Covid-19 pertama kali masuk ke Indonesia pada bulan Maret 2020, terjadi perlonjakan kasus setiap harinya sehingga untuk mencegah terjadinya penyebaran dan peningkatan kasus Covid-19 maka pemerintah mengeluarkan sebuah kebijakan yaitu menetapkan Work From Home, yang artinya segala aktivitas yang awalnya dilakukan di luar rumah kini dilakukan di dalam rumah. Dampak dari WFH salah satunya terjadi peningkatan angka kehamilan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui terdapat hubungan atau tidaknya antara WFH dengan angka persalinan dengan melihat data ibu bersalin sebelum WFH pada tanggal 29 November–3 Januari 2020 dan setelah WFH pada tanggal 29 November–3 Januari 2021 di Puskesmas Ibrahim Adjie Kiaracondong Kota Bandung. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 117 ibu melahirkan aterm, 1 preterm dan 1 posterm. Hubungan WFH dengan angka persalinan dilakukan menggunakan uji spearman. Uji normalitas pada penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdistribusi normal. Koefisien korelasi pada angka persalinan dan WFH adalah 0.230, angka tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kedua variable namun kurang kuat. Pada penelitian didapatkan bahwa angka persalinan setelah WFH menurun, hal ini dapat terjadi dikarenakan banyak ibu melakukan persalinan di bidan atau layanan bersalin lainnya dikarenakan khawatir tertular Covid-19 serta adanya penghentian sementara pelayanan KB. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara WFH dengan angka persalinan aterm di Puskesmas Ibrahim Adjie Kiaracondong Kota Bandung.
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