Original scientific paper This study investigates the effects of universal and specific characteristics of typefaces with combined method-through comparison of the results of digital analysis and subjects' responses to binary images stimuli. Results point to the dependency of the response in relation to the isolated characteristic of the universal structure. In other words, with the combined method in this study we disclose that certain attributes are assigned to typefaces in accordance with their matching or mismatching to the universal structure. The findings open the question of the functionality of existing classifications, and the need of redefining the old, or establishing the new classification systems of typefaces.Keywords: SSIM; typeface; typeface personality; universal structure Otkrivanje univerzalne strukture i djelovanja pisamaIzvorni znanstveni članak Ova studija istražuje učinke univerzalnih i specifičnih karakteristika pisama kombiniranom metodom -usporedbom rezultata digitalne analize i odgovora ispitanika na binarne slike podražaje. Rezultati ukazuju na zavisnost odgovora ispitanika u odnosu na izdvojeno svojstvo univerzalne strukture. Drugim riječima, kombiniranim postupkom, korištenim u ovom istraživanju, možemo otkriti da li su određena svojstva dodijeljena pismima sukladna s njihovim podudaranjem ili nesukladna s univerzalnom strukturom. Rezultati ovog istraživanja otvaraju pitanje funkcionalnosti postojećih klasifikacija i potrebu redefiniranja starih, ili uspostavljanja novih sustava klasificiranja pisama.
The use of rhetorical figures has become a widely–accepted method for capturing attention and positively increasing cognitive effort in print advertisements. So far research studies mostly analyzed the effect of rhetorical figures in the written as well as pictorial elements of an ad. However, there have been few studies addressing the effect of rhetorical figuration in the specific area of typeface design. This study analyzes the effects of typeface figuration (i.e., regular vs. irregular stylization of the form) on attention and attitude of the viewers. The study also looks at how the effect of typeface figuration changes in relation to the type of a product (hedonistic vs. utilitarian) being advertised. Through the use of a 2 × 2 experimental design, the study measures data using a combination of eye tracking (an objective method) and attitude scaling (a subjective method). 65 volunteers participated in the study. The eye tracking results show that using rhetorical figures in typeface mainly affects attention of the viewers. We have also determined that they influence their attitude. Additionally, the study shows that a typeface and a type of products are correlated; it shows that the hedonistic type of products can benefit more from the figuration. In conclusion, our study builds on and expands the current understanding of the use of rhetorical figures by proving that there is a correlation between the use of rhetorical figures in typeface and viewers' attention, depending on the type of product being advertised.
Utilization of eco-font for office printing is one of sustainable, “green” printing concepts, which besides obvious economic benefits, as a result has a certain effect on environmental sustainability as well. The fundamental problem that this practice faces is decreased quality of text printed using eco-fonts comparing to those printed with regular fonts. The aim of this research is eco-font efficiency estimation, i.e. determination of toner usage reduction level of ink jet printed documents typed with this font type, as well as estimation of the extent humans perceive differences between text printed with eco-font and the one printed by its „non-eco“ equivalent. Combining instrumental measuring method and digital image analysis, it was found that this simple principle (eco-font utilization) enables substantial toner usage reduction for an ink jet printing system, while visual test showed that visual experience of text printed using eco-font is sufficient. In addition, awareness of benefits that eco-font utilization brings, change users’ attitude towards eco-font quality.
Original scientific paper Noise in the image is always present, the only question is, to what extent it is visible to the human visual system. Some images could have a significantly high level of noise, but the human eye will not perceive that. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of image content on the perception of image noise. We used three images with different contents (highlights, many details, and uniform surfaces with midtones). Samples were simulated by adding six levels of noise in MATLAB software, using the built-in function. Those samples were measured with image quality IQ metrics: SCIELab, SSIM and IQM2. For psychophysical scaling, we used the paired-comparison method (PC-index). The results obtained in this study showed that image content influenced the perception of image noise. The image with many details was the most difficult to estimate. Those paired samples looked the same, even though they had different levels of noise. Keywords: image quality metrics; noise; pictorial images Vizualni doživljaj buke u digitalnim slikamaIzvorni znanstveni članak Buka na slici uvijek postoji, pitanje je samo koliko je vidljiva ljudskom oku. Na nekim slikama postoji značajno visoka razina buke, ali ljudsko oko to neće primijetiti. Cilj ovoga rada je ispitati utjecaj sadržaja slike na percepciju buke na slici. Upotrijebili smo tri slike različitog sadržaja (najsvjetlija mjesta, mnogo detalja, jednolike površine blagih boja). Uzorci su simulirani dodavanjem šest razina buke u MATLAB softveru, primjenom ugrađene funkcije. Uzorci su mjereni IQ metrikom kvalitete slike: SCIELab, SSIM i IQM2. Za određivanje psihofizičke razine primijenili smo metodu komparacije para (paired-comparison method -PC-index). Rezultati su pokazali da je sadržaj slike utjecao na percepciju buke na slici. Najteže je bilo procijeniti sliku s mnogo detalja. Takvi uspoređeni uzorci izgledali su isto iako su imali različitu razinu buke.
In television broadcasts, important information is often conveyed with short inscriptions. In such elements, the typeface, letter case, positioning, timing and colour combinations may affect the speed of information processing to the level of recognition. It is therefore necessary to choose an appropriate combination of these properties. In the present study, we were especially interested in the effects of applied colours in connection with the above-mentioned factors. The speed of recognising three-letter words was measured in different experimental conditions where the typeface of the inscription, its position and colour combination varied. Two typefaces (i.e. Calibri and Georgia), two letter cases (i.e. upper-case and lowercase), two positions (i.e. upper left and right) and four colour combinations (i.e. white on blue, blue on white, white on red and red on white) were tested. The results showed that colour combinations affected the speed of word processing to the level of recognition.
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