Original scientific paper This study investigates the effects of universal and specific characteristics of typefaces with combined method-through comparison of the results of digital analysis and subjects' responses to binary images stimuli. Results point to the dependency of the response in relation to the isolated characteristic of the universal structure. In other words, with the combined method in this study we disclose that certain attributes are assigned to typefaces in accordance with their matching or mismatching to the universal structure. The findings open the question of the functionality of existing classifications, and the need of redefining the old, or establishing the new classification systems of typefaces.Keywords: SSIM; typeface; typeface personality; universal structure Otkrivanje univerzalne strukture i djelovanja pisamaIzvorni znanstveni članak Ova studija istražuje učinke univerzalnih i specifičnih karakteristika pisama kombiniranom metodom -usporedbom rezultata digitalne analize i odgovora ispitanika na binarne slike podražaje. Rezultati ukazuju na zavisnost odgovora ispitanika u odnosu na izdvojeno svojstvo univerzalne strukture. Drugim riječima, kombiniranim postupkom, korištenim u ovom istraživanju, možemo otkriti da li su određena svojstva dodijeljena pismima sukladna s njihovim podudaranjem ili nesukladna s univerzalnom strukturom. Rezultati ovog istraživanja otvaraju pitanje funkcionalnosti postojećih klasifikacija i potrebu redefiniranja starih, ili uspostavljanja novih sustava klasificiranja pisama.
The revolution in the printing industry started by digital printing has resulted in the introduction of personalised production of small runs, fast job changes and short deadlines. By introducing digital printing into mainstream and production focus, even for the largest printing machine manufacturers, a new era of the graphic industry has just begun. After these significant changes in the printing process, the following process of graphic production – post-press needs to be digitalised. The initial goal is to back up the possibilities of digital printing and enable it to be applied as widely as possible to its full potential. Postpress has become a bottleneck in the digital world. One of the analogous processes, which is the focus of improvement, is the cutting of graphic materials in irregular shapes in the process of creating packaging. The use of lasers enables the digitisation of the die-cut or partial cutting post-press process. Cutting of different shapes is obtained when the laser touches the substrate and where it evaporates at that moment. A thermal process accompanies this evaporation, that to a greater or lesser extent affects the substrate to be cut. The parameters that govern laser are the subject of this paper. The development of laser cutting technology has opened various possibilities for innovations in the graphic and printing industry. Since this is still considered as new technology, extensive researches on its options are essential to reach the full potential of this technology. This paper is going to analyse the overall characteristics and use of laser technology in the graphic industry by focusing on the processing of paper materials. Indispensible to mention are the advantages and disadvantages of this technology. There are a lot of comparisons among existing technologies developed for cutting graphic materials and paper. The importance of this topic is concerning all production phases of the graphic product – from processing the raw material to cutting the final product such as packaging. Regarding that, the scope of the laser processing of the graphic materials is reviewed. The paper gives suggestions for further research and experiments regarding this topic.
During exploitation, textile products printed with screen printing technique are quite often exposed to various influences, one of which is a heat treatment-firstly during the production process and later on when ironing. Heat is simultaneously affecting deposited colorants (ink) on the surface of the substrate material, as well as textile fibers in the material structure. As a result, colorimetric characteristics of printed colorants are changed. The research presented in this paper aims to determine the influence of heat treatment on color changes of screen printed textile substrates, observed in CIE L*, a*, b* color space. Macro non-uniformity of the printed cotton textile materials was analyzed as a function of temperature levels applied during thermal treatments and textile material characteristics, as well as mesh counts of screens used in the printing process. The results show that thermal treatment affects the color change of printed samples.
Original scientific paper Noise in the image is always present, the only question is, to what extent it is visible to the human visual system. Some images could have a significantly high level of noise, but the human eye will not perceive that. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of image content on the perception of image noise. We used three images with different contents (highlights, many details, and uniform surfaces with midtones). Samples were simulated by adding six levels of noise in MATLAB software, using the built-in function. Those samples were measured with image quality IQ metrics: SCIELab, SSIM and IQM2. For psychophysical scaling, we used the paired-comparison method (PC-index). The results obtained in this study showed that image content influenced the perception of image noise. The image with many details was the most difficult to estimate. Those paired samples looked the same, even though they had different levels of noise. Keywords: image quality metrics; noise; pictorial images Vizualni doživljaj buke u digitalnim slikamaIzvorni znanstveni članak Buka na slici uvijek postoji, pitanje je samo koliko je vidljiva ljudskom oku. Na nekim slikama postoji značajno visoka razina buke, ali ljudsko oko to neće primijetiti. Cilj ovoga rada je ispitati utjecaj sadržaja slike na percepciju buke na slici. Upotrijebili smo tri slike različitog sadržaja (najsvjetlija mjesta, mnogo detalja, jednolike površine blagih boja). Uzorci su simulirani dodavanjem šest razina buke u MATLAB softveru, primjenom ugrađene funkcije. Uzorci su mjereni IQ metrikom kvalitete slike: SCIELab, SSIM i IQM2. Za određivanje psihofizičke razine primijenili smo metodu komparacije para (paired-comparison method -PC-index). Rezultati su pokazali da je sadržaj slike utjecao na percepciju buke na slici. Najteže je bilo procijeniti sliku s mnogo detalja. Takvi uspoređeni uzorci izgledali su isto iako su imali različitu razinu buke.
In this work we wanted to determine how students of Graphic engineering and design perceived online learning a year after the transition from traditional to online classes. The goal was to better understand problems, challenges, and good sides of online learning in this study field, and determine factors that impede knowledge transfer. The students' responses were collected via an anonymous online survey, which consisted of a series of questions that covered: conditions in which online classes are attended, communication channels, problems and how they are dealt with, understanding and motivation. The biggest challenges for our students were to sustain their attention and concentration during classes despite the distractors in their environments, and to keep their motivation despite the lack of direct interaction, social isolation, and too much computer time. Their technological and digital literacy were of great use in adapting to the online platforms and applications, as well as in solving technical problems that prevented them from following the classes. Even though online courses allow students to be more flexible and potentially combine work and study, most of our students do not think that their attendance and engagement in the studies increased in the last period. It is also undisputed that our students were dealing with a lot of stress and anxiety and that their emotional state highly influenced their perception of online learning. Hence, we firmly believe that apart from making online courses more engaging and interactive, it is of utmost importance to find a proper way to motivate and psychologically support students in the online learning environment, especially in times that require a high degree of resilience.
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