In today’s increasingly competitive market environment, new packaging must meet more requirements than before to meet customer expectations. The packaging must meet not only functional and aesthetic requirements but also ergonomic requirements to ensure satisfying user experience. An important issue in ergonomic design is the identification of factors that lead to user comfort and discomfort. The packaging is a product that undergoes manual manipulation and given the various forms of packaging and it's opening and closing systems, they require using different grip types and movements. Using packaging that is not well designed can cause intense physical exertion and frustration for users. The subject of this paper is a review of methodologies for assessing the ergonomics of packaging products. Methodologies for evaluating the ergonomic characteristics of packaging provide a proposal for structuring the investigation. Also, it gives a proposal for the proper prioritization of a packaging problem that should be identified as the most dangerous risks for physical injuries or for causing stressful situations to users. First, it is necessary to gain a clear insight into how the users handle the packaging in order to create knowledge and a clear idea of what is useful or harmful in the existing packaging design and to find the potential for its improvement. There are various methods for studying, analyzing and evaluating user experience while using a packaging. Combining such methods with knowledge of the anatomical structure of the body and how it reacts to the load enables the creation of efficient and ergonomically designed packaging. This paper will present methodologies and guidelines for assessing and improving the ergonomic qualities of packaging. The aim of this paper is to define the key factors and most relevant methodologies for conducting successful ergonomic research.

Microcapsules are used in various fields of application, such as in pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, chemical industry, construction industry, food industry, biotechnology, electronics. Fragranced and PCM (phase change materials) microcapsules also found their use in the printing and the textile industries, where they are applied in the combination with the appropriate ink or varnish on the desired substrate material. Microcapsules are applied either by coating or by different printing techniques, which main advantage is the ability to transfer the microcapsules onto desired areas of the substrate material without or with as little damage as possible, thus allowing the deposited microcapsules to fulfil their basic functionality. The aim of this research was to investigate the morphologic characteristics of the fragranced microcapsules and the coated prints using selected varnish and different fragranced microcapsules concentrations, as well as to determine how variable concentrations of the applied microcapsules in the varnish affect the optical characteristics of the coated prints. Performed SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and spectrodensitometric analyses of the coated prints revealed that both the coating process without microcapsules, as well as the different fragranced microcapsules' concentration in the coated water-based varnish, significantly affected both the morphologic and the optical characteristics of the coated prints.

The revolution in the printing industry started by digital printing has resulted in the introduction of personalised production of small runs, fast job changes and short deadlines. By introducing digital printing into mainstream and production focus, even for the largest printing machine manufacturers, a new era of the graphic industry has just begun. After these significant changes in the printing process, the following process of graphic production – post-press needs to be digitalised. The initial goal is to back up the possibilities of digital printing and enable it to be applied as widely as possible to its full potential. Postpress has become a bottleneck in the digital world. One of the analogous processes, which is the focus of improvement, is the cutting of graphic materials in irregular shapes in the process of creating packaging. The use of lasers enables the digitisation of the die-cut or partial cutting post-press process. Cutting of different shapes is obtained when the laser touches the substrate and where it evaporates at that moment. A thermal process accompanies this evaporation, that to a greater or lesser extent affects the substrate to be cut. The parameters that govern laser are the subject of this paper. The development of laser cutting technology has opened various possibilities for innovations in the graphic and printing industry. Since this is still considered as new technology, extensive researches on its options are essential to reach the full potential of this technology. This paper is going to analyse the overall characteristics and use of laser technology in the graphic industry by focusing on the processing of paper materials. Indispensible to mention are the advantages and disadvantages of this technology. There are a lot of comparisons among existing technologies developed for cutting graphic materials and paper. The importance of this topic is concerning all production phases of the graphic product – from processing the raw material to cutting the final product such as packaging. Regarding that, the scope of the laser processing of the graphic materials is reviewed. The paper gives suggestions for further research and experiments regarding this topic.

Dyes and pigments are important industrial chemicals. The structures of dyes can be very diverse and complex, so the treatment of wastewater containing these chemicals can be very challenging. Fenton process is particularly attractive and effective to degrade a wide range of dyes. In order to reduce the expenses related to applying these processes, the use of waste materials in the heterogeneous Fenton process, as alternative sources of catalytic iron, is recently investigated in scientific literature. In this study effluent was obtained from dye house unit of carpet factory (Serbia) and it contained the mixture of six commercial dyes. Pyrite cinder, a residue from sulfuric acid production, was also used in this process as a source of catalytic iron. Effluent decolourization rate reached 75% under optimal condition. Additionally, the research included further characterization of obtained effluent in terms of mineralization and metal leaching. A significant degree of mineralization was achieved under the applied conditions. Although, dye degradation was satisfactory, the metal content of the solutions after the process suggests that an additional treatment step, by using lime, is necessary. Results indicated that the applied waste material is effective as iron source in modified Fenton processes for treatment of effluent containing mixture of dyes.

Perfect binding has become one of the most popular binding methods for low-and mid-range graphic products, but with the appearance of new adhesives and application techniques, it is more and more important for the production of high quality, short-run products too. The influencing factors of perfect binding quality are numerous, involving different parameters and aspects of graphic production. Along the paper`s properties, book block parameters and spine preparation technique, the used adhesive and its application could have a direct influence on the paper/adhesive interaction and therefore on the adhesive bond quality, i.e. binding strength, too. In this study, a statistical analysis of overall adhesive layer thickness and its distribution along the book block spine has been performed. This analysis was aiming to investigate the influence of the book block volume and two gluing system setup parameters, the nominal adhesive thickness and gluing length modification, on the adhesive application consistency. The statistical analysis showed that the book block volume had a significant influence on the obtained results of overall adhesive layer thickness (based on the p-value of 0.05) and the adhesive layer became more evenly applied to the block spine by increasing the book block volume. The influence of the nominal adhesive thickness and the glue length modification were also statistically significant (at level p<0.05) on the obtained overall adhesive thickness, however, the corresponding post hoc tests showed that not all the observed groups differed significantly from each other. In addition, the obtained results for adhesive distribution along the book block spine showed more uniform application for the higher values of nominal adhesive thickness and glue length modification.

The most important component of coloured wastewaters is the synthetic dyes, which cause negative effects on aquatic ecosystems due to great solubility and persistence. Previous research points out that the heterogeneous Fenton process can be applied as an effective treatment of this type of wastewater. In this paper, the possibility of using waste red mud (RM), as a catalyst for the Fenton reaction, has been investigated. Sample of wastewater was obtained from the local textile industry, as follows: effluent before and after biological treatment. The optimization process was carried out using the response surface methodology, where the pH value, the concentration of H2O2 and the catalyst dose was varied. The following optimal reaction conditions were obtained for raw effluent: pH=3.26; [H2O2]=10 mM; [RM]=0.09 g, while for effluent after biological treatment: pH=3; [H2O2]=4.28 mM; [RM]=0.1 g. Under the given conditions, the efficiency of the Fenton process was 61.83 and 79.65%, respectively.

This paper examines the influence of the digitization input device on the print nonuniformity value when using the ISO 13660 method. This method belongs to the group of techniques called Image Analysis Method (IAM), so the basis for calculating the quality attributes is a digitized print. We selected six different devices: three flatbed scanners and three mobile phones. All settings were constant, such as the scan resolution (600 spi) and light source (D50). To have controlled prints, they were simulated using the MATLAB code - Macro Uniformity Toolbox and printed using the Epson Stylus PRO 7800 InkJet machine. We simulated random print nonuniformity know as small-scaled (graininess) and large-scaled (mottle). The calculated values differ drastically by changing the digitization device, while the values within the same group of devices are strongly correlated. The obtained results indicate the need to expand the standard and define more precise settings for input devices.

The subject of this paper is the development and design solution of an application for product identification with smart packaging. The main goal of the study is to examine the functionality of a relatively new application design program "Adobe XD" company - "Adobe" as well as creating an application that will allow each user to very easily navigate through it. The main goal of the application is to give the user more information about the product than the packaging itself and help him choose the right product. The development of the application was preceded by research in the field of smart packaging and product state identification. This paper aims to set up an intuitive system in the form of a mobile application that would identify the product state and the information would be unambiguously obtained on the mobile device screen.