This paper reports the Joule heating and Peltier effects in thermoelectric spin-transfer torque MRAMs (TSTT-MRAMs). The simulation was undertaken based on the current-induced magnetization switching at the MgO/CoFe magnetic tunnel junction. Thermal and heat flux distributions of the TSTT-MRAM cells were simulated and analyzed using finite-element modeling. The Joule heating and Peltier effects lead to the increases in the temperature and heat flux distributions at the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as well as the thermoelectric module. The maximum temperature of Peltier effect is higher than Joule heating effect when voltage amplitude below 0.77V. Some practical data for the STT-MRAM were also reported.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 , KDP) single crystals have been long studied due to their non-linear optical property. Also, these crystals can exhibit some ferroelectricity when applying an external electric field. In the absence of the external field, the remaining polarization is weak, and hence, the applications of KDP in the electronic industry are limited. In order to enhance the ferroelectricity of the KDP crystals, triglycine sulphate (TGS) was added to the KDP solution and then the doped crystals were grown using the slow evaporation method. The results show that the properties of TGS doped KDP crystals are similar to those of the pure KDP. However, the ferroelectricity of the TGS doped KDP has been improved by the small addition of the TGS. These reveal that the TGS molecules may disrupt the KDP lattice and hence, lead to the enhancement of the built-in polarization.
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