Introduction The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the level of physical activity (PA) at school has not been studied at length. Objective To describe the association between SES and the intensity of physical activity during recess in elementary school children as well as the space dedicated to physical activity. Methods A total of 212 children (110 boys and 102 girls) who were enrolled in the fourth, fifth and sixth grade of elementary school at the time participated in this study. The subjects were divided into 4 levels according to the marginalization index (MI). The geographical location of the schools and the available area were calculated using Google Maps Pro (GMP) software.1 Physical activity level was measured using accelerometry.2 Comparisons of different levels of PA with respect to marginalization indices and sex were investigated using one-way analysis of variance. The association between health variables and PA was determined through the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Results indicated that the level and intensity of PA during recess are associated with socioeconomic status and the social marginalization index, as well as sex, age, and infrastructure. Conclusion The higher the level of social marginalization, the lower the level of PA and the smaller the space dedicated to PA. Level of Evidence III; Comparative retrospective study.

The aim of this investigation was to examine the relationship between anthropometric somatotype of semiprofessional soccer players from Premier Development League United States team and their position in the field. Methods. Somatotype attitudinal distance (SAD) and somatotype attitudinal mean (SAM) were calculated for fifteen players. The study group included goalkeepers, midfielders, and forwards. Anthropometric somatotype was determined from ten variables Heath & Carter (1990). SAD was calculated for each individual player, and SAM was obtaine d both for each position and the whole team. Results. ANOVA and student's test indicate very similar characteristics for all players, irrespective of field. SAD difference between positions was more than 1 in POR and DEL suggesting a low level of specialization. SAM difference between the study group and elite players compared by position was however less than 1. Conclusions. The Results reported are consistent with position specialization and one of the differences between low performance and elite sports.

Determinación de la intensidad y el gasto calórico de la actividad física durante el recreo escolar en niños y niñas de primaria Zuñiga-Galaviz et al.

Objetivo: Identificar el somatotipo de jugadores profesionales de fútbol, clasificados por su nivel de juego en cuatro divisiones de la liga Mexicana de Fútbol (1ra, 1ra “a”, 2da y 3ra) y obtener la distancia posicional del somatotipo (SAD por sus siglas en ingles) y la media posicional del somatotipo (SAM por sus siglas en ingles). Método: Se estudiaron 78 jugadores profesionales pertenecientes a la liga mexicana de fútbol de las cuatro divisiones profesionales existentes (1a, 1a “a”, 2da y 3r División). Las variables antropométricas se midieron de acuerdo a los procedimientos dictados por la Asociación Internacional para la Promoción de la Kineantropometría (ISAK, por sus siglas en inglés). Se calculó el somatotipo de cada jugador a partir de 10 variables antropométricas y a partir de los datos obtenidos se calculó el SAD y el SAM (Carter & Heath, 1990). Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los valores de edad entre todas las divisiones (p<0.01). No se encontraron diferencias en el somatotipo entre 1ra división y 1ra división “a”. El SAM fue menor a 1 entre el grupo de 1ra división y primera división “a”, todas las demás posibles combinaciones fueron mayores a 1. Conclusión: El somatotipo se modifica durante el recorrido de los distintos niveles competitivos. Este cambio en el somatotipo puede ser explicado por las diferencias de edad y de exigencia en entrenamiento deportivo y competición de cada división.Abstract. Aim: To identify the somatotype of professional soccer players according to the competitive level of the Mexican soccer league (1st division, 1st “a” division, 2nd division and 3rd division), and to obtain the somatotype altitudinal distance (SAD) and the somatotype attitudinal mean (SAM). Method: 78 professional soccer players belonging to the Mexican soccer league were evaluated. They were grouped in four groups (1st division, 1st “a” division, 2nd division, and 3rd division) according to the level of competition. Somatotype was obtained using 10 anthropometric variables (Carter & Heath, 1990); likewise, SAD and SAM were calculated. Results: Significant differences were found in age between the four divisions groups (p<0.01). We did not found significant differences between 1st division and 1st “a” division regarding somatotype. The somatotype distance between 1st division and 1st “a” division was lower than one; all other possible combinations between the groups were higher than one. Conclusion: Somatotype changes according to the level of performance, which can be explained by the differences in age and by the differences in the demands of training and competition of each division.

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