English During city emergencies, Jerusalem municipality social workers are assigned to the disaster site, and with them hospitals, police services, the forensic institute and notification units form the Jerusalem Emergency Team (JET). Using formal and informal ties, social workers establish a professional, closely-knit helping network. Disasters happen everywhere. Social workers should be trained to deal with relief work and its traumatic outcomes. French Pendant les urgences en ville, des travailleurs sociaux municipaux a© Jérusalem - l'équipe de secours de Jérusalem (JET) - sont envoyés aux endroits sinistrés, aux hôpitaux, aux services de la police, aux départements médico-légal. En s'appuyant sur des liens formels et informels, les travailleurs sociaux établissent un réseau étroit d'aide professionnel. Les désastres se produisent partout. Les travailleurs sociaux devraient être formés pour travailler dans ce genre de situation. Spanish Durante las emergencias urbanas, los trabajadores sociales de la municipalidad de Jerusalem fueron asignados a los lugares de desastres, hospitales, servicios de policía, el instituto forense y las unidades de notificación, formando el Equipo de Emergencia de Jerusalem (JET). Utilizando vínculos formales e informales, los trabajadores sociales establecen una red profesional de ayuda. Los desastres ocurren en cualquier lugar. Los trabajadores sociales deben ser entrenados para tratar con el trabajo de socorro y sus resultados traumáticos.
In recent years, Israel has become a major recipient of documented and undocumented temporary labour migrants from many countries outside the Middle East region. The purposes of this article are to describe Israel's experience of temporary labour migration and its concomitant, illegal labour migration; and also to explore what her policies on temporary labour migration indicate about the nature of the policy-making process in this policy domain in Israel.To these ends the article traces the evolution of temporary labour migration -legal and illegal -and recent policy initiatives of the Israeli government. It then considers some of the major conceptions of the policy-making process found in public policy literature. The article concludes by pointing to the uniqueness of Israel's experience of temporary labour migration and to the fact that her policies have been overwhelmingly reactive -inadequately considered, ill-conceived, ambivalent in relation to their ultimate purpose and, in the course of implementation, vulnerable to "privatization" (being taken over by vested interest groups).Analysis of the most recent policy initiatives designed to reduce the number of legal labour migrants and address the problem of illegal labour migrants, reflect a policy-making process that is not followed by commensurate action.
With the recent upsurge in terrorism, more and more attention is being directed at examining the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency teams. These teams tend to focus on their areas of expertise without necessarily communicating, cooperating or coordinating their operations. Research suggests that improved interpersonal communication and coordination enhances the overall work of each emergency team, and that their combined effort is far in excess of the sum of their individual endeavours. This paper outlines attempts made in Jerusalem to improve the performance of emergency teams and to help the helpers by holding training workshops, setting up a forum of co-workers and encouraging dialogue among various emergency teams in the city. A planned intervention programme was designed to enable informal networking between team leaders. The programme had an impact on team workers and resulted in a more coordinated and effective service delivery during emergencies.
In 1968 the Israeli government began to develop a local, publicly directed, autonomous network of community service centers (Matnas) parallel to the traditional, statutory welfare bureaus. Similar claims made by both organizations overpopulation, needs, and services to be implemented caused a domain overlap. This article is based on a long-term observation of such overlap. It describes the case and analyzes the different reactions that evolved. In some places these two organizations managed or were made to coexist. In other settlements domain overlap created a conflict. Reactions to such conflict varied from competition to cooperation, influenced by organizational environments in each settlement. The community and its representatives, local politicians, clients, and professional and lay staff played a critical role in entering such domain overlap and determining the nature and intensity of reactions to it.
The decenlrali.ylion of iuelJhe .tystenu and [he introduclion of "romrnunily social work" n q cordion1 social workers with lasks Iticy were not trained, for and limit their abili!y lo ,lunclionp?-~~.~.~iori(illy. The experience of other counlries rngy be relevant lo the debale aboul locnlisni in Britain. In Isroel, the publicb direcled local coniniunio centres have shiJed IheiT-JbcusJrom leisure to welfare services. Trained social workers were employed l o initiale cind irnplemenl personal, group and o h local services using local resources and charging fees,/or services. Thty reporled houing dfficullies in dejning local needs and wants, and in j i n d i n ,~ congruent solulions for these needs. They also found il difjicult lo negoliale wilh conitnunip polilicians and iriork wilh them. This paper describes the Israeli syslern of 'conirnurii~ service centres and indicates some ob.stacle.1 concernin~q lhe knowledge, skills, and allitudes of'social workers funclioning in an intiependenl, decenlralizedpraclice. I t also raises some selecled issues forJulure social policy and .service adniinislrolion.
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