Melanoma presenting with black pleural effusion is rare, with only five cases reported till date. In distinction to others, this is the only case where patient did not have a prior diagnosis of melanoma and was diagnosed by thoracoscopy. Reported is the case of a 49‐year‐old male who presented with dyspnoea and weight loss. Patient had a large left‐sided pleural effusion. Ultrasound showed thickened irregular pleura and multiloculated pleural effusion. Diagnostic pleural aspiration was performed, and fluid was black in colour and was exudative lymphocytic. Atypical cells were noted on pleural fluid cytology. Medical thoracoscopy was carried out and histopathology suggested metastatic melanoma. Patient had multiple nevi all over the body, but clinically none was indicative of melanoma. He refused skin biopsy. The case was referred to medical oncology where palliative management was planned. Patient died within two weeks of diagnosis.
Aim: Effects of oral anabolic steroids on BMI, functional capacity and pulmonary functions of under nourished patients of COPD Methodology: All COPD patients outside pulmonary rehabilitation program, who met the inclusion criteria, were included. Subjects were given methandienone 5mg BD for six months. Weight, BMI, paO2, peak expiratory flow rate, FEV1 was measured for all subjects initially and six months after treatment. Results: There was significant improvement in weight (p <0.01), BMI (p <0.01), paO2 (p 0.04), peak expiratory flow (p <0.01), six minutes walk distance (p <0.01), CAT (p <0.01) and mMRC scores (p <0.01) after 6 months therapy with anabolic steroid. Conclusion: Treatment with Oral anabolic steroids has a significant effect on BMI and functional capacity of patients with COPD. Keywords: BMI, COPD, oral steroid
Objective: To determine frequency of complication of modified radical neck dissection in patients at a tertiary care hospital Karachi, Pakistan Material and Methods: Study design: This is a cross sectional section study, conducted at Department of ENT, for Six months from January 1, 2019 to July 1, 2019. All the patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and visited to department of ENT, were included in the study after taking informed consent. Patients were discharged by 48-72 hours postoperatively. Patients were assessed daily till the time of discharge for occurrence of nerve complication, wound complications and vascular complications. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Mean, Frequency and percentage were given for continuous and discreet data respectively. Chi squire test was applied to detect significance. P value of < o.o5 was taken as significant. Results: Mean ± SD of age was 40.31±9.54 with C.I (38.62.......41.99) years. Out of 126 patients 84 (67%) were male and 42 (33%) were female. Out of 126 cases complication 46(37%) developed nerve complication, 47 (37%) had wound complication and vascular complication was documented in 27(21%) cases. Conclusion: surgical complications after modified radical neck surgery are not uncommon. Wound complication was found to be most common followed by nerve and vascular complication. Therefore proper antiseptic measures before, during and after surgery, patient care and careful surgical steps have a role in preventing these dreadful complications. Keywords: Modified Radical Neck Dissection, Complications, Nerve Complication, Wound Complication, Vascular Complication
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