Objective: To determine frequency of complication of modified radical neck dissection in patients at a tertiary care hospital Karachi, Pakistan Material and Methods: Study design: This is a cross sectional section study, conducted at Department of ENT, for Six months from January 1, 2019 to July 1, 2019. All the patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and visited to department of ENT, were included in the study after taking informed consent. Patients were discharged by 48-72 hours postoperatively. Patients were assessed daily till the time of discharge for occurrence of nerve complication, wound complications and vascular complications. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Mean, Frequency and percentage were given for continuous and discreet data respectively. Chi squire test was applied to detect significance. P value of < o.o5 was taken as significant. Results: Mean ± SD of age was 40.31±9.54 with C.I (38.62.......41.99) years. Out of 126 patients 84 (67%) were male and 42 (33%) were female. Out of 126 cases complication 46(37%) developed nerve complication, 47 (37%) had wound complication and vascular complication was documented in 27(21%) cases. Conclusion: surgical complications after modified radical neck surgery are not uncommon. Wound complication was found to be most common followed by nerve and vascular complication. Therefore proper antiseptic measures before, during and after surgery, patient care and careful surgical steps have a role in preventing these dreadful complications. Keywords: Modified Radical Neck Dissection, Complications, Nerve Complication, Wound Complication, Vascular Complication
Background: The novel Corona virus (SARS COV-2) causes respiratory tract infection that has been labeled as Covid-19. It was declared a pandemic by WHO on 30th of January 2020. So far, COVID-19 has involved 218 countries and territories with 135,338,376 total cases and 2,929,315 total deaths. This virus causes severe respiratory distress syndrome and usually present with dry cough, fever, respiratory distress, and myalgia. Interestingly, patients have shown various nonspecific presentations and Anosmia is also a prominent nonspecific feature. Aim: To find out the overall progress, duration and recovery of Covid-19 related loss of smell (anosmia). Methods: This is a retrospective online study in which 45 patients were included. Data was collected by using ‘Google survey form’. Only those patients, who were confirmed cases of Covid-19 (diagnosed by PCR) and who lost their smell at least 3 month earlier, were included in this study. The Statistical analysis of collected data was then carried out by using SPSS software. Results: Out of 45 patients 17(37.8%) were male and 28(62.2%) were female (male to female ratio of 1:1.6). 71.2% of the respondents were up to 40years of age. 12(26.7%) patients were between 41 to 50 years, while only one patient (2.2%) was between 51 to 60 years. In 43 patients (95.6%) the anosmia was reversible. In two of our respondents (4.4%), the smell sensation didn’t return even after 3 months. Conclusion: The anosmia in Covid-19 is mostly reversible and in most of the patients its duration is less than 2 weeks. Keywords: Anosmia, Covid-19, SARS COV-2
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