Purpose:The paper aims to investigate the role of all types of networking on SMEs' internationalization process in general. Then, to compare SMEs' networking approaches in the selected three countries and their main differences in terms of network creation and operation. Finally, to report effective SMEs' internationalization practices in Malaysia and China, which should be adopted in Mongolia. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study is descriptive and used secondary data as the primary source. We concluded institutional networking substituted by the social and business networking ties in developing countries such as China, Malaysia, and Mongolia. Findings: These SMEs rely heavily on the information collected by the personal channels to bring about both pros and cons for their internationalization process. Secondly, the policymakers should establish the private specialized firms or export agencies established in Malaysia and China a long time ago to address information and knowledge barriers faced by SMEs in Mongolia. Practical Implications: The first implication is SME managers or owners in developing countries prefer to have strong social relationships with actors, which help them to receive some benefits and accelerate their internationalization process, but it results in neglecting institutional networking some crucial roles.
Globally, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have been recognized as pivotal contributors to the country’s economy. The main goal of this paper is to investigate country specific barriers to the internationalization process in SMEs in the transition country’s context. SMEs in transition countries deal with the common challenges that are usually occurred in other economies as well and they also have to overcome challenges of institutional external and internal barriers during their internationalization. We set and suggest a mixed-method research design to explore barriers to the SMEs' internationalization phenomenon in transition countries from various perspectives using diverse approaches as Mongolia as a case. By this paper, we can contribute to the narrow existing literature in the field of the internationalization of SMEs in the transition countries by investigating SMEs in Mongolia so as to provide implications to researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and SME owners or managers.
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