Purpose The association between hypertensive retinopathy and left atrial (LA) impairment is unknown. Accordingly, it was aimed to investigate the possible relationship between hypertensive retinopathy and LA phasic functions by means of two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE). Methods A total of 124 hypertensive patients and 27 control subjects were included in the study. LA reservoir strain (LAS‐S), LA conduit strain (LAS‐E), and LA booster strain (LAS‐A) parameters were used to evaluate LA myocardial functions. Results Hypertensive patients (with and without retinopathy) displayed an obvious reduction in the LA reservoir strain (LAS‐S), and LA conduit strain (LAS‐E). Moreover, further impairment in LA reservoir and conduit strain was found in patients with hypertensive retinopathy than in the isolated hypertensive patients. There were no significant differences in LA booster strain (LAS‐A) among the three groups. Impaired LAS‐S (OR: 0.764, CI: 0.657–0.888, and p < 0.001), LAS‐E (OR: 0.754, CI: 0.634–0.897, and p = 0.001), and hypertension (HT) duration (OR: 2.345, CI: 1.568–3.507, and p < 0.001) were shown to be independent predictors of hypertensive retinopathy. Conclusion Impaired LA reservoir and conduit strain may be used to predict hypertensive patients at higher risk of developing hypertensive retinopathy, and to determine which patients should be followed more closely for hypertensive retinopathy.

Purpose. To evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses of patients treated with intravitreal Ozurdex implant due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) related macular edema (ME). Methods. Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients treated with Ozurdex implant due to ME associated with BRVO were included in the study. Ophthalmic examinations including determination of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), and central macular thickness (CMT) and peripapillary RNFL assessment with optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before the injection of Ozurdex implant and during the 6-month follow-up period after the injection. Results. The mean age was 55.2 ± 7.4 (range: 40–68) years. The BCVAs were significantly increased and CMTs were significantly decreased at month 3 and month 6 visits compared to baseline values. The mean IOP was significantly increased from baseline at day 1, week 1, and month 1 visits (p 1 = 0.008, p 2 = 0.018, and p 3 = 0.022, resp.). The average and inferior quadrant peripapillary RNFL thicknesses were significantly reduced at month 6 control visit compared to baseline values (both p < 0.001). Conclusions. Ozurdex implant improved the BCVA and reduced the CMT in the eyes with RVO related ME. However, IOP elevations occurred within the first month after the injection and the average and inferior quadrant RNFL thinning was found six months after the injection. Further controlled studies are warranted.

Purpose:To investigate the effect of Ozurdex (dexamethasone intravitreal implant) on multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) findings during the treatment of macular edema secondary to the central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Methods:Fifteen eyes of 15 patients who were treated with Ozurdex implant due to CRVO-related macular edema were included in this study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and mfERG evaluations were performed for all patients before injection of Ozurdex. After the injection, BCVA and CMT were measured at months 3 and 6 and mfERG test was performed at month 6 for all patients.Results:Pre-implantation mfERG P wave amplitude values of r1, r2, r3, r4 and r5 were 57.8 ± 14.8, 25.1 ± 10.6, 17.2 ± 7.3, 12.0 ± 5.0 and 7.1 ± 3.6 nV/deg2, respectively. They increased to 72.9 ± 33.2, 31.2 ± 9.3, 22.6 ± 7.6, 15.6 ± 7.1 and 10.9 ± 5.7 nV/deg2, respectively, at month 6. However, these increases were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Pre-implantation mfERG r1, r2, r3, r4 and r5 P wave implicit times were 40.1 ± 10.9, 39.4 ± 3, 38.4 ± 3.4, 38.2 ± 3.1 and 39.3 ± 2.2 ms, respectively and these values were measured as 38.9 ± 8.2, 38.4 ± 4.7, 37 ± 3.8, 37.5 ± 4.6 and 37.7 ± 4.7 ms at 6 months. Although there were reductions in P wave implicit times in all rings, they were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05).Conclusion:In this prospective study, we found that the Ozurdex implant had no effect on mfERG findings 6 months after insertion for treatment of CRVO-related macular edema.

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Précis: The adult children of patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) had universally lower retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness values compared with individuals with a negative family history of PXG. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate RNFL and GCC thicknesses in the adult children of individuals with PXG compared with people without a parental history of PXG. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 40 eyes of 40 adults with confirmed parental history of PXG and 40 eyes of 40 healthy adults with no parental history of PXG. RNFL and macular GCC thicknesses were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Nidek RS-3000 Advance) and compared between the groups. All subjects also underwent visual field testing (program 30-2 of the Humphrey Field Analyzer), and their mean deviation and pattern SD values were compared. Results: Compared with adults without parental PXG, those with a parental history of PXG had significantly lower RNFL thickness overall (mean 98.2 vs 109.5 µm) and in all quadrants (inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal) (P<0.001 for all). They also had significantly lower GCC thickness overall (mean 97.9 vs 109.4 µm) and in both hemispheres (superior and inferior) (P<0.001 for all). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mean deviation or pattern SD values (P>0.05). Conclusion: PXG in a parent was associated with significantly thinner RNFL and GCC compared with those with no history of PXG in a parent. Longer follow-up and prospective controlled clinical studies are needed to evaluate whether these findings may serve as an early indicator of glaucoma in the adult children of known PXG patients.

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