No abstract

Despite intraoperative complications in the mechanical group, the visual and refractive outcomes were similar to those in the femtosecond group.

Although both ICRS models were effective and safe in managing keratoconus, the Keraring ICRS led to more improvement in CDVA and UDVA and a greater reduction in the maximum K value.

Keraring implantation is effective for the treatment of keratoconus, providing safety and good visual outcomes after both mechanical and femtosecond-assisted tunnel creation.