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To compare a novel daily disposable contact lens (DDCL) verofilcon A with other DDCL materials in terms of pre-lens tear film (PLTF) stabilization and visual performance for prolonged use in healthcare professionals with the use of masks. Methods: Subjects aged 20-40 years old were prospectively randomized into three study groups. Group 1: verofilcon A, group 2: nesofilcon A and group 3: senofilcon A. The subjects were evaluated at baseline with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), noninvasive tear break up time (NIBUT) of pre-lens tear film, and high order aberrations (HoAs). After 28 days of CL use, NIBUT at 1, 4, 8, and 12 h, HoAs, contrast sensitivity (CS) with CVS100-E and contact lens dry eye questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) were evaluated. Results: Between August and September 2021, 147 eyes of 77 subjects were included in the three study groups. At day 28, the CS scores at 18 cycles per degree, spatial frequencies, and the mean NIBUT scores at 4, 8, and 12 h were higher in the verofilcon A group compared to the nesofilcon A and at 12 h were higher compared to the senofilcon A (p < 0.05). The mean HoAs and CLDEQ-8 test scores were higher in the nesofilcon A group (p < 0.001). Conclusion:The results of this study suggest the superiority of the PLTF stabilization ability of verofilcon A in healthcare professionals with prolonged use of mask. The improved CS and NIBUT scores of this lens could be explained by a new and unique surface technology with greater than 80% water content.

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Objectives: Visual rehabilitation after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) has difficulties linked to the high spherical and/or cylindric refractive errors with high order aberrations (HOAs) based on the ocular surface irregularities. We aimed to present the scleral contact lens (SCL)-induced complications and improvements in refractive errors and HOA with SCL fitting in post-PK patients. Methods: In this prospective study, 38 eyes of 35 patients who underwent PK and using SCLs were included. Uncorrected visual acuity, bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalence, manifest astigmatism (Cyl), keratometry, and wavefront analyses of HOAs with corneal topography of all patients were measured before SCL and after 8 hrs of SCL wearing-on. The endothelial cellular density (ECD) changes at 6 months were also recorded. Any complications related to SCL were noted. Results: All patients showed an improvement in visual acuity with SCL. Uncorrected visual acuity before SCL fitting was 1.1560.26 log of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) and BCVA was 0.8460.24 logMAR. The contact lens-corrected visual acuity decreased to 0.1360.09 logMAR. Spherical equivalence, Cyl, and keratometry parameters decreased significantly with SCL. The anterior corneal HOAs, coma, and astigmatism coefficients decreased significantly. Conjunctival prolapse (in one eye) and graft rejection episode (in two eyes) were observed during follow-up time (14.2561.3 months) and they restarted to use SCLs after treatment. The ECD decrease was similar with those who not using SCLs after PK in the literature. Conclusion:Our results indicate that scleral lenses may be a safe and effective option for the treatment of corneal astigmatism and HOAs associated with PK.

Objective To compare tear fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and IL-1ß cytokines between healthcare workers wearing facial masks and controls with correlations in clinical findings. Methods In a prospective, controlled clinical trial tear fluid was analyzed for MMP-9 and IL-1ß levels using a commercially available test (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Symptoms and signs of dry eye disease (DED) were evaluated using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), Oxford corneal staining, meibomiography, and clinical findings of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Results In the 38 eyes of healthcare workers and 30 eyes of controls, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age and sex ( p > 0.05). The mean OSDI score, daily mask wear time, meibomiography degree, and rate of positive clinical findings of MGD were higher in group 1 than in group 2, and the mean NIBUT was higher in group 2. ( p > 0.05). The mean values of IL-1ß and MMP-9 were higher in group 1 ( p = 0.036 and p = 0.001, respectively). The TMH and Oxford score percentages were similar between the two groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusions Elevated levels of IL-1ß and MMP-9 in the basal tear fluid reveal increased ocular inflammation in healthcare professionals. Lower NIBUT values with higher OSDI and meibomian gland loss scores support ocular surface disturbance depending on regular mask use.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trifocal and monofocal intraocular lens with enhanced depth of focus implantations Methods 40 patients who had bilateral implantation of the trifocal or monofocal extended depth of focus intaocular lenses after phacoemulsification were included in the study. The preoperative and postoperative examination findings were analyzed. At the 6th postoperative month, binocular defocus curves, contrast sensitivity measurements, subjective complaints, spectacles independence, and the quality of life questionnaire results of the VF-14 questionnaire were also examined. Results While distance and intermediate visual acuities were similar at 6 months postoperatively, near visual acuities were found to be statistically significantly better in the trifocal group. The contrast sensitivity values were found to be statistically better in the edof group. In the trifocal group, 25% of the patients had low-intensity and 5% of the patients had moderate intensity of photopic complaints respectively, while 10% of the patients in the edof group had low-intensity photopic complaints. While spectacles independence could be achieved in all patients in the trifocal group, in the edof group, 80% of patients needed spectacles. When examining VF-14 test values without spectacles, it was found that the values of the trifocal group were significantly higher. Conclusions Trifocal group performed better at near, although far and intermediate vision was comparable between the groups. On the other hand, a higher rate of photic phenomena was observed in the trifocal group. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered

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