Background: Children younger than 7 years can develop mental disorders that might manifest differently than in older children or adolescents. However, little is known about the prevalence of mental disorders at this early age. Methods: We systematically searched the literature in the databases Web of Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, MEDLINE, and Embase to identify epidemiological studies of community samples published between 2006 and 2020. A series of meta-analyses was conducted to estimate the pooled worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in general, specific mental disorders, and comorbidity in young children. Results: A total of ten epidemiological studies reporting data on N = 18,282 children (12-83 months old) from eight countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of mental disorders in general was 20.1%, 95% CI [15.7, 25.4]. Most common disorders were oppositional defiant disorder (4.9%, 95% CI [2.5, 9.5]) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (4.3%, 95% CI [2.5, 7.2]). The prevalence of any anxiety disorders was 8.5%, 95% CI [5.2, 13.5], and of any depressive disorders was 1.1%, 95% CI [0.8, 1.6]. Comorbidity was estimated at 6.4%, 95% CI [1.3, 54.0]. Conclusions: The literature search reveals that the epidemiology of mental disorders in children younger than 7 years is still a neglected area of research. The findings also indicate that there are a significant number of young children suffering from mental disorders who need appropriate age-adapted treatment.
Der HAWIK-IV gehört international zu den prominentesten psychometrischen Verfahren. Es werden grundlegende Aspekte zum HAWIK-IV und seine Aussagekraft im klinischen und pädagogischen Bereich (z. B. Hochbegabtendiagnostik; Leistungsprofile von Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund) diskutiert. Weiterhin wird verdeutlicht, wie stark die erfasste kognitive Leistung vom Bildungsstand der Eltern abhängt und welche Fehler des Testleiters häufig auftreten.
Drug treatment of ADHD was relatively common in Germany and more frequent in boys than in girls. IR MPH was the predominant treatment choice at treatment initiation. Approximately 20% of treated subjects discontinued drug treatment within the first 6 months, with girls stopping drug treatment earlier than boys. The reasons for early drug discontinuation need to be further explored.
ADHD is a common condition among children and youth in Germany. There are substantial differences by sex in the prevalence and incidence of new ADHD diagnoses, but only a small difference in drug treatment among those diagnosed with ADHD. A relatively low percentage of children receives drug treatment in the first year after the initial diagnosis of ADHD.
Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Studie überprüft die Faktorenstruktur, psychometrischen Eigenschaften und Grenzwerte der deutschen Selbstbeurteilungsversion des Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Deu-S). Die Daten dieser Studie basieren auf einer Stichprobe von N = 1 501 Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 11 bis 16 Jahren. Die angenommene Fünf-Faktoren-Struktur des SDQ-Deu-S konnte anhand exploratorischer und konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen bestätigt werden. Die Reliabilitäten der fünf Skalen (Cronbachs Alpha .55 – .77, Retest .58 – .67) fielen jedoch gering aus. Lediglich die SDQ-Gesamtproblemskala erreichte eine zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenz. Es werden alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Grenzwerte vorgeschlagen, die sich an die von Goodman (1997) empfohlenen Zielvorgaben von 80 – 10 – 10 % für die Bestimmung von Grenzwerten in die drei Kategorien unauffällig, grenzwertig und auffällig anlehnen: Die Grenzwerte für die meisten SDQ-Subskalen liegen um etwa einen Punkt und für die SDQ-Gesamtproblemskala um max. zwei Punkte niedriger als die Grenzwerte für die SDQ-Selbstberichtsversion von Goodman, Meltzer und Bailey (1998) .
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