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The analysis of services is difficult, due to a lack of appropriate statistical data. In this context, service marks prove to be an interesting novel indicator, showing a significant correlation to innovation. They allow the examination of structures and specialisation in service subsectors, in particular with regard to knowledge-intensive services. Furthermore, it is possible to analyse the area of product-accompanying services in more detail. The recent introduction of European marks has considerably improved the opportunities for country comparison. As the use of service marks as an innovation indicator is still in an early phase, it will be necessary to get more experiences with regard to sectors, countries and offices of registration

This article deals with the role of internationally co-authored papers (co-publications). Specifically, we compare, within a data-set of German research units, citation and co-publication indicators as a proxy for the unobserved quality dimension of scientific research. In that course we will also deal with the question whether both citations and co-publications are considerably related. Our results suggest that, although there is a strong partial correlation between citations and co-publications within a multivariate setting, we cannot use reasonably normalised co-publication indicators as an alternative proxy for quality. Thus, concerning quality assessment, there remains a primer on citation analysis

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