Roentgen examination plays an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary edema of different types. Especially in the pulmonary edema in uremic patients, the diagnosis is mandatory. The first roentgenologic description of this type of edema in uremic patients was given by ROUBIER and PLAUCHAU (1934). Contributions by many authors, since then (HODSON 1950, SCHINZ et coll. 1952, ZALDIVAR & FARIGAS 1954, OLSSON 1954), have clearly distinguished it from congestive pulmonary changes in heart failure. The uremic pulmonary edema is characterized by central changes, surrounded by a free peripheral zone of normal lung parenchyma, 2 to 4 cm in thickness and slightly broader at the lobe limits (Fig. 1). I t has been called 'butterfly edema' or 'bat's wing shadow edema'. Such pictorial names obviously do not belong in scientific radiology, and in this case do not correspond to the most characteristic roentgenologic feature, i. e. the central location of the changes, which are very marked in the hilar region around the tracheal bifurcation and corresponding parts of the esophagus. The initial changes are therefore usually best demonstrated in a lateral view. The heart size is often normal.
IN a previous investigation (Ahlstr6m and Ising, 1955) it was shown that the Ehrlich mouse ascites cancer can survive a long series of short passages through hamsters, and that the cancer undergoes certain biological changes during its sojourn in the foreign host.The purpose of the present investigation was to reveal and chart any chromosomal change in the tumour stemline during the sojourn of the tumour in the foreign host. MATERIAL AND METHODS.The Ehrlich mouse ascites cancer used was originally obtained from Dr. Klein, Institute for Cell Research, Caroline Institute, Stockholm, since when it has been carried in hybrid mice of the Dobrovolskaja-Zavadskaja strain fed on a standard diet. With a stemline chromosome number of 79-80 (Levan and Hauschka, 1952) this tumour is nearly tetraploid.Syrian golden hamsters weighing 100-120 g. were used for the heterologous transmission. All of the animals were brought up on a standard diet.Chromosome counts. Three days after inoculation with the tumour the animal was killed and the ascitic fluid sucked out with a pipette. One droplet of the sample was placed on each of 4-6 slides, were it was immediately mixed with three or four times its volume of acetic orcein (2 per cent orcein in 60 per cent acetic acid). The preparation was allowed to stand for 5-10 minutes, during which it was sometimes heated rapidly for a moment to about 60°C. The cells were then squashed in the ordinary way. Only cells with a smooth, rounded outline of the cytoplasm indicating that no chromosomes had escaped out of the cell durina the squashing procedure were accepted for chromosome counting. Exact counts of usually 50-100 plates at metaphase were made for each animal. In some of the samples determinations were made of the frequency of 2 s cells (nearly octaploid). The lengths of the chromosomes were measured on camera lucida drawings, each chromosome being placed in the middle of the view field before it was drawn.Treatment with colchicine. Most of the animals from which specimens were to be collected for chromosome counting received colchicine intraperitoneally in a dose of 0-17 ml. of a 0-006 per cent solution of colchicine per 10 g. bodyweight 18-24 hours before sampling. According to Levan (1954) this dose is above the threshold for c-mitosis in this tumour. Within about 20 hours of its administration colchicine arrests mitosis at metaphase and thereby increases the mitotic index
THE Ehrlich mouse ascites cancer can be transferred to hamsters, where it can grow with preservation of its character of ascites cancer (Ahlstr6m and Ising, 1955). By transplantation at 3-day intervals the cancer can be transferred from hamster to hamster and survive several passages. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether the ascites cancer undergoes any change during successive passages through a long series of hamsters. MATERIAL AND METHODS.The Ehrlich mouse ascites carcinoma was originally obtained from Dr. Georg Klein, Institute for Cell Research, Stockholm. All mice used belonged to the same inbred strain.The experimental animals were Syrian golden hamsters weighing 100-120 g. All of the animals were brought up on a standard diet.The first hamster in Series I was inoculated intraperitoneally with 5 ml. of pooled ascitic fluid from a batch of mice inoculated 6 days before. The hamster was killed 3 days after the inoculation. The ascitic fluid was carefully collected, measured and, after determination of its content of cancer cells, transferred to another hamster. The cancer was then transmitted in the same way at 3-day intervals to new hamsters until, after a number of passages, the cancer gave the impression that it was about to die. The ascitic fluid was then injected intraperitoneally into a few mice. TLe mice were killed as soon as they showed signs of ascites, and the cancer was again transferred to a hamster. It was then again carried through a series of hamsters (Series II) until the number of cancer cells in the ascitic fluid was so small that there was a risk of the cancer dying. The cancer was resuscitated by a new passage through mice, after which a new series of hamsters was started (Series III). In this way the cancer was passed through 7 series of hamsters, each series consisting of 6 to 9 passages. The last hamster series (Series VIII) was interrupted after 44 passages, since it now appeared that the ascites cancer could be transferred ad infinitum.Smears were taken from each animal and stained according to Papanicolaou.
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