Study was carried out on the microbiological quality of the spice mix used in the production of Kilishi. Twenty samples were analyzed. The analyses included; aerobic mesophilic bacterial count, staphylococcal count, fungal count, coliform count, detection of E. coli, Salmonella spp and Clostridium perfringens. The result of the analysis showed that the samples had a mean aerobic plate count, staphylococcal count and fungal count of 2.96x10 8 , 1.73x10 7 , and 1.04x10 5 cfu/g respectively. Coliform MPN of >2400/g. E. coli was detected in one of the samples, Salmonella spp one sample and Clostridium perfringens from four samples. The counts obtained were higher than the maximum acceptable levels provided by the Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It is therefore recommended that strict hygienic measures should be observed during the mixing of the spice in order to reduce the microbial load to an acceptable level.
The invitro activity of ethanolic and water extracts of some spices on some bacteria isolated from kilishi (a traditional meat snack) was investigated by disc diffusion method. Disc concentrations of 10, 100, 1000, 2000 and 3000μg were used. The result showed that the ethanolic extract of ginger was active against Salmonella at disc concentrations
Fifty ear swab samples were examined from pediatric patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. The samples were collected from ENT department, pediatric out patients department (PODP) and General out Patients Department (GOPD). The swabs were tested by culturing for bacterial pathogens, where 47 (94.0%) of the samples yielded growth. The most predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus, with a total occurrence of 26 (55.32%) followed by Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, with total occurrences of 12 (25.53%), 7 (14.89%), 1(2/13%) and 1 (2.13%) respectively. Based on age group, 0-2yrs age group were more infected (16 infected). Of the two sexes, males were 28 (56%) while females were 22 (44%) and all were within the age range of 0-12 years. Antimicrobial sensitivity test showed that the bacterial isolates were susceptible to Augmentin, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin and ofloxacin but resistant to Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Cotrimoxazole, cefixime and Cloxacillin.
This review examines Helicobacter pylori as an organism and as the causative agent of peptic ulcers. The review also examined the classification of ulcers, how the bacterium produces the ulcer, some of the virulence factors possessed by the organism, its metabolism and growth requirements. The incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcers were originally believed to have resulted from some factors such as stress, eating spicy food, long term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), like aspirin and ibuprofen, smoking, and many alike. presently due to the development in the field of research, researchers from different geographical locations have reported a spiralshaped Gram-negative bacterium called Helicobacter pylori to be responsible for the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. This confirmation has been supported by the strong and effective diagnostic procedures such as urea breath test, stool test, endoscopy, and blood test. Elimination of Helicobacter pylori by treatment with antibiotics in peptic ulcer patients resulted in the healing of the ulcer. Prevention of Helicobacter pylori infections is difficult because the mode of transmission is not well known.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.