In 12 moderately trained subjects reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in the blood before and during the first two hours and first two days after a 2.5-h run. The participants covered between 19 and 26 km (20.8 +/- 2.5 km, mean +/- SD). The running speed was between 53 and 82% of the speed at which blood lactate concentration reached 4 mmol/L lactate (67.9 +/- 8.2%, mean +/- SD) assessed during a previously performed treadmill test. Blood samples were collected 1 h before, immediately before, immediately after, 1 and 2 h after, as well as 1 and 2 days after the run. Immediately after exercise GSH was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) and GSSG significantly increased (p < 0.01). In all subjects the ratio of GSH to GSSG showed a marked decline to 18 +/- 4% (mean +/- SD) of the pre-exercise values (p < 0.01). One hour later the mean GSH and GSSG values returned to baseline. However, there were considerable inter-individual differences. In some subjects the GSH/ GSSG ratio overshot the pre-exercise levels, in others the ratio remained low even two hours after exercise. Compared with the pre-exercise values TBARS concentrations did not change significantly at any time point after exercise. The findings suggest that after prolonged exercise in moderately trained subjects a critical shift in the blood glutathione redox status may be reached. The changes observed were generally short-lived, the duration of which may have depended on the relative importance of reactive oxygen species generation by the capillary endothelial cells and neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes after the end of exercise.
Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the integrated effects of the beta-1-selective blocker with vasodilator properties, nebivolol, on systemic haemodynamics, neurohormones and energy metabolism as well as oxygen uptake and exercise performance in physically active patients with moderate essential hypertension (EH). Design and methods: Eighteen physically active patients with moderate EH were included: age: 46.9 ؎ 2.38 years, weight: 83.9 ؎ 2.81 kg, blood pressure (BP): 155.8 ؎ 3.90/102.5 ؎ 1.86 mm Hg, heart rate: 73.6 ؎ 2.98 min −1 . After a 14-day wash-out period a bicycle spiroergometry until exhaustion (WHO) was performed followed by a 45-min submaximal exercise test on the 2.5 mmol/l lactate-level 48 h later. Before, during and directly after exercise testing blood samples were taken. An identical protocol was repeated after a 6-week treatment period with 5 mg nebivolol/day. Results: Nebivolol treatment resulted in a significant (P Ͻ 0.01) decrease in systolic and diastolic BP and heart
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) has been shown to be a marker of eosinophil granulocyte activation. In 10 healthy young subjects the plasma concentrations of ECP were measured before and after a graded maximal bicycle exercise test. The analyses were carried out 30 min before and immediately before exercise, immediately after exercise and 20 and 45 min later. The post-exercise values were corrected for plasma volume changes which were calculated from hematocrit and hemoglobin values. Immediately post-exercise the ECP increased significantly (p < 0.01) from 1.25 +/- 0.28 at rest to 2.40 +/- 0.59 micrograms/l. Twenty and 45 min later the values normalized and significant differences from the pre-exercise values could no longer be measured. The results provide strong evidence for an activation of eosinophil granulocytes after a short maximal exercise.
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