Consequences of missing teeth which involves impairment in esthetic and masticatory functions. Replacement of missing teeth using either removable or fixed prosthesis will require a adequate bone support. Due to various causes such as dental caries, periodontitis, trauma which leads to extraction of teeth. Naturally the alveolar bone is maintained by the presence of teeth that it retains. After extraction, the alveolar bone resorption occurs both in height and width of the residual ridge which is inevitable. In patients with insufficient bone height and width, the placement of dental implants in an ideal position is very difficult. It is necessary to restore the alveolar ridge anatomy for successfully placing implants. Various surgical techniques have been introduced to augment the lost bone and one of such technique is Tent Pole technique. KEY WORDS: Guided bone regeneration, Ridge augmentation, Tent pole technique
Implant stability can be defined as an absence of clinical implant mobility and consists of primary and secondary implant stability. It has been recognised as one of the most important and useful factors when it comes to predicting implant anchorage. Primary stability includes the mechanical attachment of an implant in the surrounding bone at the insertion, whereas secondary implant stability is the tissue response to the implant and subsequent bone remodelling processes. It is known to be a crucial factor for successful osseointegration of dental implants. There is sufficient evidence to accept a positive correlation between primary implant stability and implant success, as the success relies on the sustainable integration of the implants into hard and soft tissues. This review extensively focuses on different factors affecting primary stability such as implant design and characteristics, bone quality and methods to measure implant stability. KEYWORDS: bone density, dental implants, implant stability, osseodensification, osseointegration
Various biomarkers of periodontal disease are involved in either disease pathogenesis or tissue damage. The main aim of biomarkers research in Periodontology is to provide a significant impact on clinical diagnosis as well as treatment outcomes. Periostin, a microcellular protein is one of the novel biomarkers which is expressed mostly in collagen rich tissues. Its role in systemic health and disease has been studied for many years. Periostin plays a major role in collagen development, cell migration, wound healing and repair and also regulates periodontal pathogenesis. This review focuses on the different aspects of periostin in periodontal health and disease. Keywords: Periostin, Biomarker, Periodontitis, Periodontal regeneration
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