This study aims to construct prototypes using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology as a research apparatus and a physics education instrument, particularly in medical physics education. Two main designs of prototypes have been arranged. Two foam NaCl templates are drawn using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Image processing techniques achieve a 3D model of a thoracic vertebra. All 3D model data are printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. The prints of foam NaCl templates are utilized for holding the NaCl powder. The prototype of a human vertebra is used for visualization of the real condition of the human bone anatomy. The results of the prototypes are analyzed to investigate the similarity between the model and the prints. This investigation is done using a Vernier Caliper and CT Scan. The measurement using Caliper shows a higher percentage in likeness than the CT-Scan. All the accuracy study shows they have more than 83% in similarity. It can be concluded that all built prototypes have prominent exactitude and can support the material research using the printed NaCl templates. Hereafter, a bone mock-up’s genuine perception can function for further application, such as implant or surgery planning.
Hyaluronic acid have a high moisture preservation and biocompatibility characteristic, thus allowing various usage of this substance in pharmaceutical, medicinal, and skin care products. Present manufacturing process of hyaluronic acid requires extraction of animal cells or through other methods utilizing bacteria. The aim of this research is to investigate an alternative source of hyaluronic acid extraction using plant based which is Aloe barbadensis (aloe vera). Three main parts of aloe vera (rind, mesophyll and gel) underwent several steps of extraction process and the result was compared to the sample of hyaluronic acid from goat brain. The evaluation including comparison of total carbohydrates, reducing sugars and degradation using heat treatment. The results of extraction were analyzed using UV-Spectrophotometer at 230 nm and compare to the extraction result of goat brain to ensure the presence of hyaluronic acid. It was found out that the rind part of aloe vera have the highest potential of high content of hyaluronic acid.
ABSTRAKAsam hialuronat memiliki kemampuan untuk mempertahankan kelembapan serta biokompatibilitas yang tinggi, hal ini menjadi alasan asam hialuronat banyak digunakan dalam produk farmasi baik yang berhubungan dengan obat maupun perawatan kulit. Pada proses pembuatan asam hialuronat, ektraksi dari sel hewan masih merupakan sumber utama disamping penggunaan metode alternatif menggunakan beberapa jenis bakteria. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi sumber alternatif pengekstrasian asam hialuronat menggunakan bahan dasar tumbuhan yaitu Aloe barbadensis (liday buaya). Terdapat tiga bagian dari lidah buaya yang melewati beberapa tahap ekstraksi (kulit, mesofil, dan jel), hasil dari ekstraksi kemudian dibandingkan dengan sampel asam hialuronat dari otak kambing. Evaluasi mencakup perbandingan karbohidrat total, penurunan kadar gula, dan degradasi molekul menggunakan panas. Analisis terakhir menggunakan UV-Spektrofotometer di panjang gelombang 230 nm dan dibandingkan dengan hasil ekstraksi dari otak kambing untuk memastikan keberadaan asam hyaluronat. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa kulit lidah buaya memiliki potensi mengandung asam hialuronat yang cukup tinggi.
<span class="fontstyle0">This research focused on the study of the capability of cinnamon essential oil as antibacterial<br />agent, when it is made as a microemulsion solution. The study occupied further research on<br />specific type, concentration, and amount of emulsifier needed to make the cinnamon essential<br />oil miscible in water without causing destruction in its antibacterial activity. Four different<br />emulsifiers were tested, namely Tween 20, Tween 80, soya lechitin, and carboxymethyl cellulose<br />(CMC) to stabilize the essential oil in water. The emulsifiers were used at 2% w/w, while the<br />essential oil concentrations were varied at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. In this study, the antibacterial<br />activity of the microemulsion solution of cinnamon essential oil was tested against two types of<br />pathogenic bacteria commonly found in foods, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia<br />coli. Among the four types of emulsifiers, which are used, CMC showed the best results as an<br />emulsifier. The results of this study indicated that microemulsion solution has antibacterial<br />activity best is a combination between the CMC and the essential oil of cinnamon</span>
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