Propofol and midazolam may be used to protect fetal brain in case of acute fetal distress and hypoxic injury as a first choice anesthetic drug in cesarean delivery.
Bone matrix (BM) is an acellular crosslinked porcine-derived cancellous bone graft, and therefore may provide advantages over other synthetic and naturally derived materials for use in orthopaedic surgery. Here, we analysed the potential of BM to support the growth and differentiation of primary human multipotent stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in order to predict in vivo bone regeneration events. Imaging with laser scanning confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that 1 day after static seeding, a dense population of viable MSCs could be achieved on scaffolds suggesting they could be used for in vivo delivery of cells to the implant site. Long-term growth analysis by confocal imaging and histology demonstrated that BM was permissive to the growth and the 3D population of primary MSCs and an enhanced green fluorescent protein expressing osteosarcoma cell line, eGFP.MG63s, over several days in culture. Measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and mRNA expression levels of osteogenic markers (Runx-2, ALP, collagen type I, osteonectin, osteocalcin and osteopontin) indicated that BM supported osteogenesis of MSCs when supplemented with osteogenic stimulants. Upregulation of some of these osteogenic markers on BM, but not on tissue culture plastic, under non-osteogenic conditions suggested that BM also had osteoinductive capacities.
AIm:The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone on oxidative damage in intrauterine ischemia. mAteRIAl and methods:In this study, 19-day pregnant rats were divided into five groups. Fetal brain ischemia was achieved in the ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) group by bilaterally closing the utero-ovarian artery with aneurysm clips for 30 min and subsequently removing the aneurysm clips for 60 min for reperfusion. Mg (600 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg) were administered 20 min before the I/R insult. The lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue was determined by the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The mitochondrial score was calculated after an evaluation with electron microscopy.Results: Both the electron microscope and TBARS data showed a significant difference between the control and I/R groups. The Mg and dexamethasone treatment groups exhibited significantly lower TBARS values compared to the IR group. Similarly, the mitochondrial scores in the Mg and dexamethasone treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the I/R group. ConClusIon:Result showed that magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone prevent lipid peroxidation and reduce mitochondrial injury thus suggests neuroprotective effects in fetal rat brain in intrauterine ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.KeywoRds: Dexamethasone, Fetal brain, Injury, Intrauterine, Ischemia, Lipid peroxidation, Magnesium ÖZ AmAÇ: Bu çalışmada amaç, intrauterin iskemide oluşan oksidatif beyin hasarında magnezum sülfat ve deksametazonun nöroprotektif etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. yÖntem ve GeReÇleR: Bu çalışmada 19 günlük gebe sıçanlar beş gruba ayrıldı. Fetal beyin iskemisi, utero-ovaryan arterin bilateral olarak 20 dakika anevrizma klipleri ile kapatılması ve kliplerin çıkarılmasında 60 dakika sonra reperfüzyon ile elde edilmiştir. İskemi-Reperfüzyon (İ/R) hasarından 30 dakika önce intraperitoneal 600 mg/kg tek doz magnezyum sülfat ve 0.25 mg/kg dexametazon uygulanmıştır. Beyin dokusundaki lipid peroksidasyonu thiobarbituric acid reaktif madde (TBARS) konsantrasyonu olarak belirlenmiştir. Elektron mikroskopisi ile mitokondri incelemesi yapıldıktan sonra mitokondriyal skor hesaplandı.BulGulAR: Hem electron mikroskobu ve hem de TBARS verileri kontrol ve iskemi grupları arasında anlamlı farklılık gösterdi. Mg ve deksametazon tedavi grupları iskemi gubuyla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı derecede daha düşük TBARS değerleri gösterdi. Benzer şekilde Mg ve deksametazon tedavi gruplarında mitokondriyal skorlar iskemi gruplarından anlamlı düzeyde daha düşüktü. sonuÇ: Sonuçlar magnesyum sülfat ve deksametazonun lipid peroxidasyonunu önlediğini ve mitokondriyal hasarı azalttığını, böylece fetal rat beyninde intrauterin iskemi-reperfüzyon (IR) hasarında nöroprotektif etkisi olduğunu destekledi.
Intrauterine ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in fetus occurs with multifactorial pathogenesis and results with multiorgan injury including skin. Magnesium has widespread use in obstetric practice. Inn addition to magnesium's tocolytic and neuroprotective properties, it also has free radical reducing effects. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate whether magnesium sulfate could have protective effect on fetal rat skin in intrauterine ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Fetal skin ischemia was induced by clamping the utero-ovarian arteries bilaterally for 30 min, and reperfusion was achieved by removing the clamps for 60 min in 19-day pregnant rats. Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO(4)) was given to pregnant rats 20 min before I/R injury at the dose of 600 mg/kg in magnesium treatment group. No ischemia reperfusion was applied to control and sham-operated groups. Lipid peroxidation from the skin tissues was determined as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was determined for neutrophil activation. The results showed that the levels of TBARS and MPO increased significantly in the fetal rat skin after I/R injury compared to control group. Levels of TBARS and MPO were significantly lower than those of I/R group in Magnesium-treated group. In conclusion, intrauterine ischemia-reperfusion may produce considerable fetal skin injury. Increased TBARS and MPO activity can be inhibited by magnesium treatment. This suggests that magnesium treatment may have protective effect on fetal rat skin in intrauterine I/R injury.
Maternal treatment with dexamethasone may have a protective effect on fetal skin in cases of I/R injury.
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