This study aims to determine the most effective concentration of extract that kills the larvae in the third instar Aedes aegypti, knowing the value of LC50 and LC90 anthen knowing the value of LT50 and LT90 of forest basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum). Research is using a completely randomized design with factorial, and the first factor is forest basil leaf extract with 5 level concentrations, there are 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.5%, and 0% as control, whereas the second factor is observation period that began after the death of the larvae. Observations were made up to 4320 minutes. The results showed the influence of forest basil leaf extract against third instar larvae mortality of Aedes aegypti, and the most effective concentration of basil leaf extract to kill the larvae was 1.5%. LC50 values of this study was 0.97%, and for the LC90value was 1.42%. Value of LT50and LT90 of this study is 5,71 hours or 342,31 and 17,02 hours or 1021.22 minutes. The conclusion of this study is basil leaf extract forest affect mortality third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, and the most effective concentration of extract was 1.5%.
Liwa Botanical Garden is one of the regional botanical gardens in Indonesia with the theme “Indonesian Ornamental Plants”. At the present, disease infections are still a major obstacle in efforts to preserve and develop the potential natural orchids. Based on previous research, it is known that some individual orchids exhibit symptoms of viral disease infections, namely mosaic, chlorotic, streak, and necrosis. This research was conducted to determine the identification of against virus infections in Liwa Botanical Garden through a collection of samples that showed symptoms of infection, analysis of disease symptoms, and analysis of the level of disease resistance. The results showed the response of native orchids in Liwa Botanical Garden to viral infections showed symptoms in the form of necrotic black and chlorotic patches, yellowing leaves on orchids Coelogyne sp., Flickingeria sp., Calanthe sp., Trixspermum centipeda, Bulbophyllum sp. The type of orchid that shows the most symptoms is Flickingeria sp. a total of 8 samples. The type of natural orchid in the Liwa Botanical Garden which is most vulnerable to being infected with a virus is Flickingeria sp. with a disease intensity of 42%, while the type of orchid most infected virus is Coelogyne sp. with an intensity of 15%. The results of this activity are expected to be basic information in efforts to protect plants against diseases to support the application of conservation of natural orchids in the Liwa Botanical Garden.
Abstract. Rosa E, Ekowati CN, Handayani TT, Ikhsanudin A, Apriliani F, Arifiyanto A. 2020. Characterization of entomopathogenic fungi as a natural biological control of American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). Biodiversitas 21: 5276-5282. Eradicating cockroaches using chemical insecticides produces residues that contaminate the environment and promote insect resistance. Biological control has become an option for controlling cockroaches. The use of entomopathogenic fungi is one of them. The aim of this study was to obtain a fungal isolate that was effective at killing cockroaches. The result of entomopathogenic fungi isolation from cockroaches obtained 4 isolates, IK1, IK2, IK3 isolates were included in the Aspergillus genus while IK4 was Penicillium. Extracellular enzymes serve as screening materials for biocontrol candidates. IK1 and IK3 isolates showed higher chitinase activity than the other two isolates. The highest mortality of Periplaneta americana at nymphs stage was 60% achieved by the treatment of Aspergillus sp. IK3 with a concentration of 109 conidia/ mL. In adult stage cockroach the mortality was increased to 86%.
Green waste (GW) is an important fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). The composting of lignocellulosic GW is challenging due to its low decomposition rate. Therefore the use of fungi inoculum as a decomposer inducer on GW composting needs to study. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of the compost induced by cellulolytic (Aspergillus fumigatus) and ligninolytic fungi (Geotrichum sp.) inoculum application on vegetative growth of red chilly plants (Capsicum annuum l.). This research was conducted in the green house of the Faculty of Agriculture the University of Lampung, Indonesia. Completely Randomized Design was adopted with five treatment dose of cellulolytic and ligninolytic compost amandmend of 0%, 10%, and 20% each (K= control, S1= Cellulose 10%, S2= cellulose 20%, L1= Ligninolytic 10% and L2= ligninolytic 20%). Parameters observed were plant height, dry weight, relative water content and chlorophyll of a, b and total. The results demonstrated that compost induced by cellulolytic fungi (Aspergilus fumigatus) and ligninolytic (Geotrichum sp) produced the optimal effect on growth parameters across all treatments. The compost application could increase significantly plant height, dry weight, relative water content. But not the chlorophyll content of a, b and total. The maximum measurements of plant height, dry weight, relative water content was achieved by S2, L2, L2, K and L2 treatments respectively. These results suggest that the inoculum induced compost has bene cial impacts for the use as organic fertilizer to enhance vegetative growth.
Orchid plants are in great demand by the public as ornamental plants that have economic value and the beauty of attractive flower shapes and colors, especially Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium. Related to this, conservation efforts are needed through cultivation. However, these efforts are often hampered by viral infections. One of the viruses that trigger inhibition of orchid cultivation that often appears is ORSV. Control efforts that are relatively safe and efficient can utilize mycorrhizae in orchids which play a role in increasing the absorption of plant nutrients. The use of Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium with the induction of Rhizoctonia sp. against ORSV is a very important alternative biofertilizer and biocontrol agent. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effectiveness of orchids induced by Rhizoctonia resistance, 2) to determine the viability of orchid leaf organs to ORSV infection, 3) to determine the viability of orchid root organs resulting from Rhizoctonia resistance to ORSV infection. This study was conducted in January 2021 – March 2021 at the Botanical 2 Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung. This study employed a completely randomized factorial with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The variable observed in this study was the effectiveness of mycorrhizae, leaf and root length, number of leaves and roots, and leaf width. The data obtained were homogenized using Levene's test and then analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's further test at the 5% level. The results showed that the effectiveness of mycorrhizae occurred on the 3rd day of incubation. In leaf organs, Phalaenopsis amabilis showed an increased response and Dendrobium discolour showed a decreased response in leaf length, width, and number. Meanwhile, in the root organ, Dendrobium discolour showed an increased response and Phalaenopsis amabilis showed a decreased response in root length and number of roots.
Orchids have high economic value so that they are potential to be cultivated. The species most popular with people are Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis. However, there are major obstacles that can affect orchid growth, namely viral infections. The type of virus reported to infect the most is ORSV. This viral infection can inhibit plant growth, reduce flower quality and marketability. There are also symptoms of viral infection in the form of mosaic, chlorotic, streak, and necrosis. One of the efforts to overcome viral infection is by utilizing mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizae that can be used are Rhizoctonia sp. Mycorrhizal associations in orchids can have a positive effect on nutrient absorption and host growth, so they are expected to protect orchids from viral infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Rhizoctonia induction on leaf thickness of Phalaenopsis amabilis and Dendrobium discolor infected with ORSV. The study was conducted using a factorial completely randomized design. The result of this study is that there is a difference in leaf thickness between leaves inoculated with the virus and leaves treated with mycorrhizae. Orchid leaves treated with mycorrhizae had the highest thickness, while those infected with viruses had the lowest thickness.
Orchid is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the world. One of the orchid genera that is collected in a large number and known to have high morphological variations in the Liwa Botanical Garden is Dendrobium. However, to date, many Dendrobium collections have not been identified. Given the urgency of identification and the limitations of specimens in the field, especially flower organs, this study is important. This study aims to determine variations in morphological characters, phenetic relationships, and to identify Dendrobium collections based on leaf morphological characters in the Liwa Botanical Garden. Five accessions of Dendrobium were collected, namely CAT140, CAT 144, CAT 271, CAT 274, and IR015. Observation of 11 morphological characters leaves showed that leaf had high variations. The phenetic relationship based on the Gower similarity value and the UPGMA method shows that the Dendrobium in the Liwa Botanical Garden can be classified into 2 main groups formed with a similarity index value of 0.813. Based on Principle Component analysis values, it is known that the characters that have a large influence on grouping are the ratio of leaf length and width, leaf cross section, and leaf arrangement. The phenetic dendrogram topology is supported by the morphological character classification. The results of this study are expected to be basic information in the identification of natural orchids and conservation efforts in the Liwa Botanical Garden.
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