Short-segment stabilization in thoracolumbar burst fractures with additional screws at the level of the fracture results in an improved kyphosis correction, sagittal index, and compression ratio of the anterior vertebral height. However, long-term follow-up is needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
In previous studies, the incidence of PNI has been reported to be 13 to 23 per 100 000 individuals per year. PNIs have been estimated to affect between 1.64% and 2.8% of all trauma patients (24,31). PNI is a common problem, especially in young adult men, and may cause serious disability in this productive age group unless the injured nerve is repaired (1, 22, 24).
█ INTRODUCTIONPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) is still a significant cause of morbidity and disability throughout the world. Physical trauma, including traffic accidents and injuries due to sharp and penetrating objects such as broken glass, gunshots, falls and fractures, is the most common cause of PNI AIm: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the follow-up results of patients who received late-term surgical treatment for peripheral nerve lesions caused by penetrating injuries.
mATERIAl and mEThODS:The study included 25 patients who underwent surgery for peripheral nerve injuries in our clinic between 2007 and 2013. The patients were evaluated with respect to age, gender, etiology of the trauma, the affected nerve, clinical examinations, electrophysiological findings, surgical techniques and functional outcomes.
RESUlTS:The study included 30 nerves of 25 patients (19 male, 6 female; mean age 30.1 years). The mean time between the initial injury and admission to our clinic was 11.5 months (range, 3 to 30 months). Cuts caused by glass were the most common cause of injury (68.5%). The most commonly injured nerves in our patients were the median nerve (43.4%) and ulnar nerve (26.6%). external neurolysis and decompression were performed in eleven patients, epineurotomy and internal neurolysis were performed in eight patients, epineural repair was performed in fourteen patients, fascicular repair was performed in three patients, and interfascicular anastomosis using sural nerve grafting was performed in five patients. Postoperative motor strength and electrophysiological analyses showed significant improvements. Better outcomes were obtained in cases with median nerve injuries rather than other nerve injuries. Additionally, patients undergoing external neurolysis and decompression exhibited better outcomes than those undergoing other surgical approaches.
CONClUSION:Although surgical treatment is recommended as early as possible for peripheral nerve injuries, late-term surgical treatments may provide positive outcomes.
Scope: We investigated the potential beneficial effect of Apocynin (APO) on motor and cognitive functions in experimental Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Materials and Methods: Experimental AD was induced in rats by
Conclusion: These results indicate that APO can provide neuro-protective effect for motor but not for cognitive performance in experimental AD.
INTRODUCTIONI nflammation has been shown to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglial cells are responsible for removing the remnants of apoptotic neurons and by doing so they induce an inflammatory response against amyloid plaques via oxidative stress. This theory claims that oxidative stress is the main damaging factor in AD (1, 2, 3). However, antioxidant molecules have not shown to demonstrate significant clinical benefits (2, 4).Recent researches indicate that AD is a brain-specific form of diabetes (5, 6). Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are correlated with development of 7). Defective insulin signaling, altered levels and/or abnormal activation of components of the insulin signaling pathway, and, more importantly, decreased responsiveness to insulin were found in AD (5,8). In response to infection, trauma or abnormal collection of protein aggregates; TNF-a is produced mainly from microglial cells in the brain. TNF-a levels are increased in AD
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