Short-segment stabilization in thoracolumbar burst fractures with additional screws at the level of the fracture results in an improved kyphosis correction, sagittal index, and compression ratio of the anterior vertebral height. However, long-term follow-up is needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.

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ABSTRACTis one of the common effective treatment modalities used in the surgical management of communicating hydrocephalus, pseudotumor cerebri, CSF fistula and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)(13).Its relative ease to perform and shorter surgery time, lack of risk for intracranial complications, including intracerebral hemorrhages, seizures or shunt dysfunction, lower risk of shunt infections and lethal complications all make LPS a favorable surgical treatment modality as compared to VPS surgery. Ventricular catheter placement may be challenging in patients with small ventricles, even though the current use of navigation has provided convenience in placing a shunt catheter and higher success rates. Therefore, its simplicity █ INTRODuCTION N ormal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a syndrome first defined in 1965 by Hakim and Adams. This syndrome is a significant neurological condition that occurs predominantly in elderly people and its clinical presentation consists of a triad of major symptoms, including gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence (12).Surgical treatment of NPH typically includes the diversion of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) into the peritoneum, pleura or atrium. While ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery has historically been widely performed, today, minimally invasive surgical procedures such as lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) have become the surgical treatment of choice (2). The LPS surgery RESulTS:At the 3 rd month after LP shunt surgery, headache was resolved in almost all patients. At the end of first year, while statistically significant improvements were noted in the Modified Rankin Scale Scores and Mini-Mental State Examination Scores, gait disturbance, urinary incontinence and cognitive functions were improved by 86%, 72% and 65% of the patients, respectively. CONCluSION: LP shunt surgery is associated with a lower rate of complication in comparison to ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and is an effective procedure in the treatment of NPH.

We present the first genetic linkage analysis result in a pure intracranial arachnoid cyst family in literature. Further investigation of this linkage area can reveal a causative gene causing the intracranial arachnoid cyst phenotype and can illuminate the pathogenesis of this disease.

AIM:To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of adalimumab in an experimental spinal cord injury model and compare them with those of the widely-used methylprednisolone. MATERIAL and METHODS:Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 as the sham, trauma, adalimumab, methylprednisolone, and adalimumab+methylprednisolone groups. Only laminectomy was performed in the sham group. Laminectomy and trauma was performed to the trauma group but no treatment was given. A single dose of 40 mg/kg subcutaneous adalimumab was administered after the laminectomy and trauma to group 3. A single dose of intravenous 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone was administered right after laminectomy and trauma to group 4. Single doses of 40 mg/kg adalimumab and 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone were administered together after laminectomy and trauma to group 5. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were measured and sections were obtained for histopathological study at the end of the 7 th day. RESULTS:MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in serum were significantly decreased in the adalimumab group with clinical and histopathological improvement not less than the methylprednisolone group. The serum MDA levels were similar when the two drugs were given together or separately but there was a statistically quite significant decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels with concurrent use. Statistically significantly better results were obtained on histopathological evaluation with the use of both drugs together. CONCLUSION:This study revealed that adalimumab is as effective as methylprednisolone in compressive spinal cord injury in rats.

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BACKGROUND: Adalimumab, a new-generation anti-inflammatory agent, exerts its effect through tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), secreted from immune response cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes. TNF-α has been shown to play an important role in the processes of apoptosis and demyelination, and blockage of its activity may improve neural healing. Investigated in the present study is the probable neuroprotective influence of adalimumab in rats using a peripheral nerve injury model with biochemical and electron microscopic methods.

Children with medulloblastomas most commonly present with signs and symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus, especially headaches and vomiting. However, some pediatric patients present with sudden neurological deterioration due to intracerebellar hemorrhage associated with medulloblastoma, although very few reports exist that document this phenomenon. An 8-year-old girl was admitted to our emergency department who presented with sudden loss of consciousness, vomiting, and bradycardia. The neuroradiological evaluation revealed a hemorrhagic mass lesion in the posterior fossa. Urgent evacuation of the hematoma was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the postoperative histopathological examination revealed the lesion to be a medulloblastoma. This report presents an unusual case of a medulloblastoma presenting with fatal intracranial hemorrhage in a child. The clinical features and intraoperative and pathologic findings of the case are discussed.