The biochemical, histopathological and clinical comparison of the neuroprotective effects of subcutaneous adalimumab and intravenous methylprednisolone in an experimental compressive spinal cord trauma model

Abstract

AIM:To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of adalimumab in an experimental spinal cord injury model and compare them with those of the widely-used methylprednisolone. MATERIAL and METHODS:Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 as the sham, trauma, adalimumab, methylprednisolone, and adalimumab+methylprednisolone groups. Only laminectomy was performed in the sham group. Laminectomy and trauma was performed to the trauma group but no treatment was given. A single dose of 40 mg/kg subcutaneous adalimumab was administered after the laminectomy and trauma to group 3. A single dose of intravenous 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone was administered right after laminectomy and trauma to group 4. Single doses of 40 mg/kg adalimumab and 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone were administered together after laminectomy and trauma to group 5. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were measured and sections were obtained for histopathological study at the end of the 7 th day. RESULTS:MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in serum were significantly decreased in the adalimumab group with clinical and histopathological improvement not less than the methylprednisolone group. The serum MDA levels were similar when the two drugs were given together or separately but there was a statistically quite significant decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels with concurrent use. Statistically significantly better results were obtained on histopathological evaluation with the use of both drugs together. CONCLUSION:This study revealed that adalimumab is as effective as methylprednisolone in compressive spinal cord injury in rats.

Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of ozone in an experimental spine injury model

“…Additionally, the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the group administered both adalimumab and methylprednisolone than in the single-treatment group, demonstrating that the combination increased the antiinflammatory power of the treatment. 36 In our study, IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the double-treatment group (group 5) than in the ozone-only treatment group (group 4). However, the IL-1β and TNF-α levels did not differ between these groups.…”

Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration

“…Kwon et al [ 14 ] found that at 24 h after injury, cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, along with structural proteins, such as GFAP, tau, and S100β, were present in significantly higher concentrations than corresponding serum samples in human patients. In the CSF of a rat SCI model 6 h after injury, TNFɑ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-17ɑ, and IFN-γ concentrations were significantly increased [ 17 ], and serum concentrations of TNFɑ, IL-1β, and IL-6 have been shown to remain elevated in rat throughout the first week following SCI [ 18 – 20 ]. This is similar to the local upregulation of these cytokines that occurs within the injured spinal tissue (Figs.…”

Neuroprotective effects of lacosamide in experimental traumatic spinal cord injury in rats

“…There after, the secondary injury follows, which is characterised by ischemic dysfunction, inflammation, occurrence of oxygen-free radicals, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis (6,10, 23,29). This secondary injury has been the therapeutic target in most studies designed to determine whether pharmacologic agents have neuroprotective effects after SCI (3,19,26).…”