Abstract:To resolve problems of long treatment durations and frequent administration of the antifungal agent terbinafine (TB), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with the ability to load lipophilic drugs and nanosize were developed. The SLNs were manufactured by a microemulsion technique in which glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl behenate (Compritol ® 888; Gattefossé), and glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol ® ATO 5; Gattefossé) were used as the solid lipid phases, Tween ® and Cremophor ® series as the surfactants, and propylene glycol as the cosurfactant to construct ternary phase diagrams. The skin of nude mice was used as a barrier membrane, and penetration levels of TB of the designed formulations and a commercial product, Lamisil ® Once™ (Novartis Pharmaceuticals), in the stratum corneum (SC), viable epidermis, and dermis were measured; particle sizes were determined as an indicator of stability. The optimal SLN system contained a ,5% lipid phase and .50% water phase. The addition of ethanol or etchants had no significant effect on enhancing the amount of TB that penetrated the skin layers, but it was enhanced by increasing the percentage of the lipid phase. Furthermore, the combination of GMS
Photo-assisted one-step electrodeposition has been applied to help in forming smooth and dense CuInSe2 films. The difference in surface morphology and crystalline quality between CuInSe2 films with various photo-assistance has been investigated. In the photo-assisted electrodeposition process, the many kinds of lamps providing maximum light intensity at about 380 to 620 nm were used as light source to be irradiated onto the surface of Mo-coated soda-lime glass substrates. The results suggested effects of photo-assistance including activating surface diffusion and growing high-crystalline quality films with reduced defects during electrodeposition.
As-deposited CuInSe2 films by electrodeposition are generally amorphous. A better photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell device should be derived from crystallized CuInSe2 absorber layer, and also the schottky contact with the CdS layer. In this work, a high pressure atmosphere was applied during the heat treatment, which achieved level surface and better crystallization for CuInSe2 thin films. We optimized the atomic ratio of eletrodeposited CuInSe2 thin films, the parameters for annealing process and the fabrication of the entire device. Top view images from field-emission-scanning electron microscopy indicates well-defined grains of CuInSe2 films. Raman spectrum results of annealed CuInSe2 films show the presence of CuInSe2 phase, and no secondery phases such as Cu-Se were detected. Energy dispersive spectrometer analysis shows the composition atomic ratio of copper indium diselenide to be soichiometric. The measurement of solar simulater indicates an imrovement of conversion efficiency of CuInSe2 solar cell after employing the high pressure annealing process.
In this paper, a soft magnetic composite (SMC) material, FeSiCr, is analyzed for its beneficial electromagnetic properties and unique 3D formation capacity, which endows a very high potential to become the material for electric motor fabrication by 3D printing technology adopting high temperature selective laser melting (SLM) process. A microscopic and spectroscopic experiment performed on FeSiCr after SLM process showed that FeO is the oxide layer responsible for the unique advantages of this material. Furthermore, FeSiCr is proved to have lower core loss and eddy current loss at high frequency via the comparison analysis between FeSiCr and silicon steel sheet, a popularly used material for electric motor construction.
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