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The Lontar Usada Bali is a collection of the science of traditional medicine recorded in the lontar leaves. It contains information about the diversity of medicinal plants and treatment procedures used by Balinese for generations. However, most of the information stored in the lontars is only known by the Balians (Traditional Healers). The aim of the study was to investigate and document the diversity of medicinal plants known by Balians in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Direct interview with Balians, combined with purposive sampling (for the usada plants), was used in this study and conducted in August-September 2022. The data obtained comprised plant species, habitat, habitus, local names, plant parts used, and how they were used. The data were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using diagrams, graphs, and tables and measured by the use-value index. Sixty-five species and 37 families of plants were recorded as a medicinal plant. The most widely used plant families by Balians were Zingiberaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, and Malvaceae. In most cases, leaves were used, followed by tubers, fruits, and other parts. Maceration and powder or mushy were the primary modes of making herbal medicine, and external application was the most common method of drug administration. Most medicinal plants were obtained from the home garden, taken from nature, or bought in the market. Several diseases often treated by Balians were convulsions, itching, cramps, headache, black magic, stroke, herpes and tumor/cancer. This research is important to complete the ethnobotanical data on the diversity of medicinal plants in Bali. This data is important information for the development of new drugs and must be maintained for sustainability.

Minyak atsiri, atau yang juga popular dengan nama essential oil, sangat terkenal dengan ciri khas aromatik yang kuat. Manfaatnya pun juga sangat banyak, mulai dari antiseptik, analgesik, antidepresi, hingga antijamur. Oleh karena itu, tidak mengherankan jika minyak yang bersifat volatil ini umum digunakan di berbagai bidang industri dan telah menjadi komoditas yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Pada tahun 2014–2015, tim khusus dari Kebun Raya “Eka Karya” Bali telah melakukan eksplorasi ke Gunung Batulanteh di Kabupaten Sumbawa dan Desa Sembalun di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Melalui eksplorasi tersebut, ratusan aksesi tumbuhan berpotensi penghasil minyak atsiri berhasil dikoleksi. Buku ini merangkum sekaligus mendokumentasikan data-data ilmiah terkait tumbuhan tersebut. Berbeda dengan terbitan lain yang sejenis, buku ini memiliki keunggulan dalam menyajikan informasi ilmiah yang komprehensif, mulai dari deskripsi botani, kandungan senyawa kimia tumbuhan, proses penyulingan, hingga pengembangannya. Buku ini sangat cocok untuk dibaca berbagai kalangan, seperti peneliti, dosen, mahasiswa, serta praktisi dan penghobi minyak atsiri.

Begonia bimaensis Undaharta & Ardaka is a potential ornamental plant, and currently known only from one population in Sumbawa. Propagation programs, both conventional and in vitro culture are necessary to ensure its conservation. The aim of this research is to observe the effects of explant types and plant growth regulator combination (2,4-D and kinetin) in inducing callus from B. bimaensis leaf in vitro. Callus induction was initiated from three parts of leaf explant, namely petiole, leaf base, and leaf lamina. The explants were planted on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with addition of 2,4-D and kinetin. Concentrations of 2,4-D were 0, 0.5, and 1 ppm, while kinetin concentrations were 0, 1, and 2 ppm. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. Results showed that leaf base was the best explant used for callus induction. Medium D1K2 (MS + 1 ppm kinetin) showed the fastest time for callus induction that was at 20 days after planting. The highest percentage of callus production (100%) was found on D1K3 (MS + 2ppm kinetin); D2K2 (MS + 0.5ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm kinetin); D2K3 (MS + 0.5ppm 2,4-D + 2ppm kinetin) and D3K2 (MS + 1ppm 2,4-D + 1ppm kinetin).

Paphiopedilum javanicum (Reinw. ex Lindl.) Pfitzer known as slipper orchid is an endemic terrestrial orchid from Indonesia. This orchid is threatened with extinction and listed under CITES Appendix I. In-vitro propagation of P. javanicum has been done in Bali Botanic Garden (BBG) for last six years but acclimatization stage has not given satisfied result. The purpose of this study was to know the ef-fect of liquid fertilizer on vegetative growth of P. javanicum planlet during acclimatization stage. Beyonic StarTmik liquid fertilizer ap-plied by five different doses considered as treatment of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mL. They were 10 planlets for each treatment considered as replication. In this research we observe vegetative growth of P. ja-vanicum by quantitative and qualitative parameter. Quantitative data were analysis by ANOVA. Result showed, high percentage of planlet survival was observed of 98% and liquid fertilizer dose for 30 mL gave the optimal vegetative growth of P. javanicum planlet with aver-age height of 2.2 cm and leaves number of 13 pieces. There were no differences on qualitative parameter in all treatment that all leaves color was dark green and leaves tessellation appearance was obvious

Pterospermum javanicum Jungh. (Bayur) is a species belongs to the Pterospermum genera (Malvaceae). Several species of Pterospermum had been reported for their ethnobotanical usage, but the studies about ethnobotany information of Bayur and its secondary metabolite compounds were still limited which have been published. This study aimed to observe the ethnobotanical usage of Bayur and to examine the phytochemical contents of the acetone extract of Bayur flower from West Lombok. The ethnobotany information of Bayur was obtained through interviews with local people and more information on the ethnobotanical records of P. javanicum (Bayur) was conducted by reviewing the scientific literature. The chemical compounds of Bayur flower were analysed by the GC-MS method. The results revealed that Bayur was used by the Sasak community  around Gunung Rinjani National Park West Lombok for various purposes, such as traditional medicines, beverages, rigging, and building material. The phytochemical analysis showed that the acetone extract of Bayur flower from West Lombok contained 38 identified chemical components, representing 93.78% of the total compounds. The major contents of them were Lupeyl acetate (10.68%), p-n-Amylphenol (8.16%), Lauric acid (7.31%), N-(Methyl-d2)- Aniline (5,82%), and Pentanal (5.07%). This report was the first publication about the phytochemical contents of Bayur flower. It is expected that this study gives further information on the potentials of Bayur, especially about its secondary metabolite to support and prove the truth of the cultural concept of society in utilizing Bayur as a medicinal plant.

Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G.Don is a native plant to South East Asia, belonging to Alstonia genus. This species has been reported to have numerous natural chemical compound which perfom multiple pharmacological and biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigated the phytochemical properties of the acetone extract of the flower of Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G.Don. This is very interesting because phytochemical properties of its flower had been never reported yet. Alstonia macrophylla was harvested from the Natural Forest of Punik,