Minyak atsiri, atau yang juga popular dengan nama essential oil, sangat terkenal dengan ciri khas aromatik yang kuat. Manfaatnya pun juga sangat banyak, mulai dari antiseptik, analgesik, antidepresi, hingga antijamur. Oleh karena itu, tidak mengherankan jika minyak yang bersifat volatil ini umum digunakan di berbagai bidang industri dan telah menjadi komoditas yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Pada tahun 2014–2015, tim khusus dari Kebun Raya “Eka Karya” Bali telah melakukan eksplorasi ke Gunung Batulanteh di Kabupaten Sumbawa dan Desa Sembalun di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Melalui eksplorasi tersebut, ratusan aksesi tumbuhan berpotensi penghasil minyak atsiri berhasil dikoleksi. Buku ini merangkum sekaligus mendokumentasikan data-data ilmiah terkait tumbuhan tersebut. Berbeda dengan terbitan lain yang sejenis, buku ini memiliki keunggulan dalam menyajikan informasi ilmiah yang komprehensif, mulai dari deskripsi botani, kandungan senyawa kimia tumbuhan, proses penyulingan, hingga pengembangannya. Buku ini sangat cocok untuk dibaca berbagai kalangan, seperti peneliti, dosen, mahasiswa, serta praktisi dan penghobi minyak atsiri.

Physical dormancy is a typical kind of dormancy in Fabaceae species, including Gleditsia assamica. Physical dormancy is caused by the impermeability of the seed coat and can be alleviated, among others, by mechanical scarification. Previous studies on mechanical scarification effect on G. assamica seed focus only on its germination parameter without regard to its effect on seed water upatke. As germination is initiated with water uptake, current study aims to understand the treatment effect on both of seed water uptake and germination parameters. Tetrazolium dyeing and seed weight measurement trials were conducted to study the seed water uptake. Meanwhile, a germination test is conducted to investigate the treatment's influence on the seed germination parameters. This study shows that mechanical scarification can enhance G. assamica seed water uptake. The treatment was also significantly improve final germination percentage and germination speed index. This study result gives us a clearer understanding of the effect of mechanical scarification to alleviate G. assamica dormancy and germination, which will be advantageous to the species conservation and domestication efforts.

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Characterizations of Trichoderma sp. and its effect on Ralstonia solanacearum of tobacco seedlings. This study aims todetermine the molecular-based characteristics of Trichoderma sp. Tc-Jjr-02 and its effect as a biocontrol agent in protecting tobaccoseedlings against bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. The characterization of biocontrol agents was based on morphologicaland molecular data’s observation using microscope and the key of determination. The in vivo experiments was consist of fivetreatments: (1) inoculation of Trichoderma isolates at six hours before R. solanacearum inoculation, (2) inoculation of Trichodermaisolates at six hours after R. solanacearum inoculation (3) simultaneous inoculation of Trichoderma isolates and R. solanacearum,(4) inoculated only with R. solanacearum, and (5) without any inoculation. The experiment was repeated six times. Based onBLAST’s analysis, the Tc-Jjr-02 sequence is in accordance with T. asperellum with 100% Query Cover. Inoculation of T. asperellumTc-Jjr-02 at six hours before and after and simultaneously with pathogens providing protection for young tobacco plants by slowingdown the time for the onset of blight by 100–162%, reducing the symptom index by 56–63%, and increasing the dry weight of plantbiomass by 39–53% compared to tobacco seeds which were only inoculated with R. solanacearum.

This study aims to determine the molecular-based characteristics of Trichoderma sp. Tc-Jjr-02 and its effect as a biocontrol agent in protecting tobacco seedlings against bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. The characterization of biocontrol agents was based on morphological and molecular data’s observation using microscope and the key of determination. The in vivo experiments was consist of five treatments: (1) inoculation of Trichoderma isolates at six hours before R. solanacearum inoculation, (2) inoculation of Trichoderma isolates at six hours after R. solanacearum inoculation (3) simultaneous inoculation of Trichoderma isolates and R. solanacearum, (4) inoculated only with R. solanacearum, and (5) without any inoculation. The experiment was repeated six times. Based on BLAST’s analysis, the Tc-Jjr-02 sequence is in accordance with T. asperellum with 100% Query Cover. Inoculation of T. asperellum Tc-Jjr-02 at six hours before and after and simultaneously with pathogens providing protection for young tobacco plants by slowing down the time for the  onset of blight by 100–162%, reducing the symptom index by 56–63%, and increasing the dry weight of plant biomass by 39–53% compared to tobacco seeds which were only inoculated with R. solanacearum.

<p>Antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum capsici masih menjadi penyakit utama yang menyerang buah cabai merah. Selama ini, penggunaan Curcuma aeruginosa sebagai antimikrobe patogen penyebab penyakit pada manusia lebih populer daripada sebagai antimikrobe fitopatogen. Rimpang Curcuma diketahui mengandung senyawa volatil/atsiri dan nonvolatil. Potensi senyawa volatil/atsiri Curcuma sebagai antimikrobe telah banyak dilaporkan, namun masih sangat terbatas untuk senyawa nonvolatilnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas antifungi senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak C. aeruginosa terhadap C. capsici pada buah cabai merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2014 hingga Mei 2015 di Universitas Brawijaya. Senyawa nonvolatil didapatkan dengan merendam rimpang C. aeruginosa menggunakan pelarut metanol kemudian didistilasi menggunakan rotary vacuum evaporator dan diidentifikasi menggunakan HPLC. Efektivitas antifungi senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak rimpang C. aeruginosa diuji secara in vitro dan in vivo di laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan yaitu konsentrasi senyawa nonvolatil terdiri atas 0 (kontrol), 4, 6, 8, 10, dan 12 ppm. Senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak rimpang C. aeruginosa sangat efektif menghambat pertumbuhan C. capsici baik secara in vivo maupun in vitro di laboratorium bahkan konsentrasi 12 ppm menunjukkan persentase penghambatan antraknosa hingga 100%. Hasil identifikasi HPLC menunjukkan bahwa senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak rimpang C. aeruginosa mengandung kelompok Curcuminoid yang terdiri atas curcumin dan demethoxycurcumin yang berperan sebagai antifungi sehingga sangat berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai fungisida nabati.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Antraknosa; Cabai merah; C. aeruginosa; Senyawa nonvolatil</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Anthracnose caused  by Colletotrichum capsici  is  still  as  major disease against  chilli pepper fruit. During this time, utilization of C. aeruginosa as pathogen antimicrobial caused disease to human is more popular than to crops. Curcuma has been known containing volatile and nonvolatile compound. Potential of volatil compound from Curcuma as antipathogen has been reported widely, nevertheless it is still limited known for nonvolatile compound. This research aimed to understand the antifungi effectivity of nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract to C. capsici on chilli pepper fruit. Research was conducted in November 2014 to Mei 2015. Nonvolatile compound was obtained by soaking C. aeruginosa rhizome into methanol solvent then distilated using rotary vacuum evaporator  and identified with HPLC instrument. Antifungi  effectivity  of nonvolatile compound  from  C. aeruginosa  extract  was experimented by in vitro and in vivo test using Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Treatments tested were various concentrations of nonvolatile compound namely 0 (control), 4, 6, 8,10, and 12 ppm. Nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract was highly effective to inhibit growth of C. capsici by both in vitro and in vivo test. HPLC identification result showed nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract contains Curcuminoid group play role as antifungi.</p>

Inga edulis is an exotic edible Fabaceae species locally known as buah es krim in Bedugul, Bali. The plant species is a favourite fruit for consumption and trading due to the sweet sarcostesta. Wild I. edulis are abundantly grown in Bedugul. The current study aim is to describes I. edulis germination biology. This study will provide data for I. edulis future research both in its domestication and invasion prevention. I. edulis seeds are collected two times from wild plants growing within Bali Botanic Garden. A total of twenty-one I. edulis seeds are germinated in a clear closed plastic container with agar media at Bali Botanic Garden Seed Bank Laboratory. The germination process was observed daily until the seventh day after sowing (DAS) while number of seedlings was calculated in the last observation day. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis was conducted to describe I. edulis seed germination biology. This study result shows that I. edulis seeds produce high germination percentage rapidly. I. edulis seeds exhibited hypogeal germination and phanerocotylar hypogeal with reserve storage seedling functional type. Polyembryony was also present with a single seed can produce up to four seedlings.

In addition to the studies on potential medicinal uses of Trichosanthes, a screening on phytochemical compounds and antioxidants activity of Trichosanthes tricuspidata from Bangli, Baturiti, Bali, Indonesia, was conducted on its leaves, fruits, peels, and seeds. Qualitative phytochemical tests were conducted to find out the chemical constituents of T. tricuspidata, while its antioxidant activity was tested by applying DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) method. As a result, flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, tannin, and saponin were present in all methanolic extracts of T. tricuspidata. Furthermore, the best antioxidant activity was exhibited by peel extract. After all, T. tricuspidata contains a prospective compound agent for medicinal use.