On postoperative follow-up at 6 months, the patient had no complaint, but there was a small deviation to the affected side on opening.

Background: Upper airway morphology is associated with facial development and occlusion. Treatment of maxillofacial and occlusal disorders requires sufficient knowledge of related functional variables, including upper airway morphology. In order to determine upper airway obstruction and its exact site, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the airway can be beneficial. The aim of the current study was to determine the age-related changes of upper airway morphology.Materials: The pharyngeal area of 87 patients was assessed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), and no artifacts were detected. The subjects were within the age range of 6-60 years, with normal body mass index (BMI) of 18-25 kg/m2. In the CBCTs, in addition to volumetric measurements of nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, distances between pharyngeal wall and posterior nasal spine, uvula, or valcula in anteroposterior and horizontal planes were measured (2D measurement). In addition, the shortest distance between tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall was calculated in the anteroposterior plane. Data were analyzed in three age groups of 6-20, 21-40, and 41-60 years old via SPSS analysis.Results: Various values of upper airway and variables which measure anteroposterior dimensions of pharynx were significantly higher in the 21-40 years old group, compared to 6-20 years old group. Although these variables were higher in the 21-40 years old group, compared to the 41-60 years old group, the difference was statistically insignificant. The transverse variables had the highest value in the 21-40 years old group, but the difference with the other two groups was insignificant. No significant difference was observed between males and females.Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, upper airway changes in 2D and 3D models may be age-dependent and become more significant by the age of 20 years. In addition, gender has no effect on the development of upper airways.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.78-83

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in smile morphometric indices following maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Smile morphometric indices were measured on frontal rest and smile photographs of 15 female patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions before and three months after maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery. Pre- and post-surgery measurements were compared. Results: The amount of left and right commissural height, philtrum height, and maximum upper incisor show at rest did not change significantly three months after surgery (p>0.05). The amount of maximum upper and lower incisor show, interlabial gap, smile width and index, buccal corridor ratio, gingival display, and smile arc on the frontal smile photographs didn’t showstatistically significant difference before and after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion had no significant effect on rest and smile parameters from the frontal view. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.216-221

Background:We aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative administration of oral tizanidine on postoperative pain intensity after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.Methods: All healthy skeletal class III patients who were candidates for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were enrolled in this triple-blind randomized clinical trial. The study was carried out in the

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