The results of this study showed the beneficial effects of liposomes in prolonging the residency of bevacizumab in the vitreous.

Intravenous high-dose methyl prednisolone may have benefits in the treatment of methanol optic neuropathy.

Relaxing peripheral 360 degrees retinectomy is an effective procedure for flattening the retina in complicated retinal detachments when no other option is available.

BackgroundRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vascular retinal disease that can cause low vision or blindness and affects premature newborns of very low birth weight.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for ROP among very premature infants in Mashhad located northeast of Iran.Material and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study performed between 2006 and 2010, predisposing factors and severity of ROP were evaluated in very premature infants (<32 gestational weeks). Consecutive infants were enrolled at birth and screened for ROP at 4 to 6 weeks of age by indirect ophthalmoscopy. Severe ROP was defined as stage 4 or 5. Chi-square, Student’s t-, and Fisher’s test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe incidence of ROP was 26.2%. Significant differences between the ROP and control groups were observed, these include; gestational age, sex, birth weight, Apgar score, durationof parenteral nutrition, oxygen therapy, phototherapy, maximum PaO2 and minimum SpO2 (P < 0.05). Severe ROP was seen in 31.4% (11/32) of ROP cases (5.4% of newborns).ConclusionThe incidence of ROP is relatively high in this region. Risk factors for ROP among very premature infants include hypoxia, severe hyperoxia, relatively low blood SPO2, gestational age, birth weight, and Apgar score.

Background The rising burden of premature mortality for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in developing countries necessitates the institutionalization of a comprehensive surveillance framework to track trends and provide evidence to design, implement, and evaluate preventive strategies. This study aims to conduct an organization-based prospective cohort study on the NCDs and NCD-related secondary outcomes in adult personnel of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) as main target population. Methods This study was designed to recruit 12,000 adults aged between 30 and 70 years for 15 years. Baseline assessment includes a wide range of established NCD risk factors obtaining by face-to-face interview or examination. The questionnaires consist of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle pattern, fuel consumption and pesticide exposures, occupational history and hazards, personal and familial medical history, medication profile, oral hygiene, reproduction history, dietary intake, and psychological conditions. Examinations include body size and composition test, abdominopelvic and thyroid ultrasonography, orthopedic evaluation, pulse wave velocity test, electrocardiography, blood pressure measurement, smell-taste evaluation, spirometry, mammography, and preferred tea temperature assessment. Routine biochemical, cell count, and fecal occult blood tests are also performed, and the biological samples (i.e., blood, urine, hair, and nail) are stored in preserving temperature. Annual telephone interviews and repeated examinations at 5-year intervals are planned to update information on health status and its determinants. Results A total of 5287 individuals (mean age of 43.9 ± 7.6 and 45.9% male) were included in the study thus far. About 18.5% were nurses and midwives and 44.2% had at least bachelor’s degree. Fatty liver (15.4%), thyroid disorders (11.2%), hypertension (8.8%), and diabetes (4.9%) were the most prevalent NCDs. A large proportion of the population had some degree of anxiety (64.2%). Low physical activity (13 ± 22.4 min per day), high calorie intake (3079 ± 1252), and poor pulse-wave velocity (7.2 ± 1.6 m/s) highlight the need for strategies to improve lifestyle behaviors. Conclusion The PERSIAN Organizational Cohort study in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences is the first organizational cohort study in a metropolitan city of Iran aiming to provide a large data repository on the prevalence and risk factors of the NCDs in a developing country for future national and international research cooperation.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative pain experience and gingival indexes with and without the use of periodontal dressing after Modified Widman flap procedure. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients requiring comparable bilateral flap procedures were selected. One quadrant of each jaw randomly received periodontal dressing after the surgery while the other one didn’t. Plaque Index (PI), Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) and Probing Depth (PD) were measured prior to the surgery, one week and 2 weeks after the surgery. Postoperative pain experience also was assessed at the conclusion of study. Results: Results showed no significant differences between dressed and undressed segments regarding changes in probing depth, plaque index or sulcus bleeding index. However patients reported significantly less pain postoperatively when the dressing was used Conclusion: Pain is reduced by periodontal dressing but No significant differences between dressed and undressed segments regarding changes in probing depth, plaque index or sulcus bleeding index

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On postoperative follow-up at 6 months, the patient had no complaint, but there was a small deviation to the affected side on opening.