This study seeks to evaluate the enamel surface characteristics of teeth after debonding of ceramic brackets with or without laser light. Eighty premolars were bonded with either of the chemically retained or the mechanically retained ceramic brackets and later debonded conventionally or through a CO(2) laser (188 W, 400 Hz). The laser was applied for 5 s with scanning movement. After debonding, the adhesive remnant index (ARI), the incidence of bracket and enamel fracture, and the lengths, frequency, and directions of enamel cracks were compared among the groups. The increase in intrapulpal temperature was measured in ten extra specimens. The data were analyzed with SPSS software. There was one case of enamel fracture in the chemical retention/conventional debonding group. When brackets were removed with pliers, incidences of bracket fracture were 45% for the chemical retention, and 15% for the mechanical retention brackets. No case of enamel or bracket fracture was seen in the laser-debonded teeth. A significant difference was observed in ARI scores among the groups. Laser debonding caused a significant decrease in the frequency of enamel cracks, compared to conventional debonding. The increase in intrapulpal temperatures was below the benchmark of 5.5 °C for all the specimens. Laser-assisted debonding of ceramic brackets could reduce the risk of enamel damage and bracket fracture, and produce the more desirable ARI scores without causing thermal damage to the pulp. However, some augmentations in the length and frequency of enamel cracks should be expected with all debonding methods.
However, only the lower midfacial area can be advanced, and it is impossible to resolve the overall midface deficiency due to the position of the Le Fort I osteotomy line. 5,9 Thus, facial implant placement can be considered because the upper-midface deficiency cannot be resolved through Le Fort I osteotomy.Various types of prosthesis, including silicone (polydimethylsiloxane), GoreTex (expanded polytetrafluorethylene, WL Gore & Associates Inc, Flagstaff, AZ), and MedPor (high-density porous polyethylene, Porex Industries, Fairburn, GA), have been used to alleviate facial depression. Since these prostheses are supplied by sizes, premanufactured prostheses of an appropriate size should be selected during the surgery and need to be carved before placing them. Consequentially, the prostheses are not passively fitted on the bone surface, and the gap is formed, leading to a risk of prothesis migration to an unwanted area. Also, since prostheses are often placed based on the surgeon's tactile sense and experiences, there are possibilities of malpositioning or under-/overcorrection. 10
The objective of this study is to prepare a novel mouthwash that contains Amorphous Calcium Phosphate nanoparticles (ACP-NPs) in a chitosan aqueous solution in order to prevent and treat the existing enamel decalcification around the brackets and gingivitis. ACP-NPs have been synthesized via a co-precipitation technique from the solution of ammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, as well as the addition of sodium hydroxide for the adjustment of pH ∼ 8. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) desorption have been performed on the samples. The ACP-NPs seemed to contain an initial particle size of less than 40 nm and the Ca/P ratio of 1.14. We have applied chitosan since it can function as the stabilizer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory and thus, prevent plaque, bad breath, and decrease gingivitis. Agar dilution has been utilized to assess the antibacterial or effectiveness of the prepared mouthwash. This particular mouthwash can be considered smart since it has the ability to increase the ion release at a carcinogenic pH 4, which is the significant timing when these ions are mostly needed and required to inhibit the caries.
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