No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

This paper presents an ongoing work in on the future of telemedicine in O&G. There has been a huge development in the use of video consultation between remote patients and the doctors. We believe the future of telemedicine in O&G will add to this workflow by investigating how we can transfer visual medical data between "offshore nurses" and "medical experts" at hospitals onshore in order to improve diagnostics and treatment. We will describe a decision support system that supports an optimal workflow and collaboration, between medics onshore and offshore. The goal is to make better and faster medical decisions, and improve the quality of healthcare offshore. The oil companies have much of the same structure and same challenges in remote medical treatment. We investigate an optimal workflow including how technology supports a new telemedicine work process by transmitting very high quality information (e.g. ultrasound images) to the cardiovascular medical experts. We will review our work on developing a prototype "on the go" solution between medics offshore and the medical experts onshore at the hospital. The concept will be based on a Pad/PC solution capturing the ultrasound image transmission between the user and experts, a systematic work process and a knowledge base integrated in the Pad/PC "on the go solution". With optimal workflow it should not take more than 5-7 minutes from the starting point to have a decision from the medical expert. This will improve diagnostics, medical safety and health quality on offshore installations.

Nurse calls in a hospital can constitute either positive or negative (wanted or unwanted) interruptions depending on various factors. This study aims to understand nurses' strategies in facilitating the reception of wanted nurse calls and the restriction of unwanted nurse calls. Applying a resilience engineering perspective, nurses' performance variability is investigated as a basis to design appropriate computer support to enhance efficiency and patient safety. A qualitative case study was conducted for a period of 4 years with focus on nurses' use of a wireless nurse call system at a Norwegian university hospital. The study involved various data collection methods such as observations, interviews, and workshops. The collected data were then transcribed and analyzed using a combined inductive and deductive approach. Results indicate that nurses use four main strategies involving a large degree of collaboration to allow or avoid interruptions in the form of nurse calls depending on situation and circumstances. However, these strategies are not supported by the wireless nurse call system, which requires nurses to use suboptimal workarounds to enable the necessary performance variability. Interruptions have been largely perceived as a threat to patient safety. However, nurses' handling of calls illustrates that, when aiming to introduce interventions to manage interruptions, a detailed understanding of work as done is important. Nurses continuously make appropriate adjustments to cope with challenges that characterize hospital work to ensure efficient and safe operations. Hence, technology, in terms of a nurse call system, needs to be designed to afford the adjustments made to support a resilient practice and, as such, leverage patient safety.

The current study examines the contribution of formalised planning to ensure success in drilling operations seen in the light of organizational learning theory. Methodology:The applied methodology is observational fieldwork including interviews, document studies and informal talks on a drilling rig on the Norwegian continental shelf conducted by the authors lasting for 6 days including 120 hours of observational fieldwork. Findings: It is described how procedures are adapted to the specific context in which a job is performed and how the adaption of procedures is integrated into the formalised organisational learning processes.Originality: Organizational learning is seen through praxis and the dialectical relationship between formalised work and work as done, that is, the formal structures involved when planning work and how procedures materialise during actual work, and the relationship to learning per se.

Greater connectivity is transforming critical infrastructures profoundly. One specific aspect enabled by connectivity are remote operations, which allow for the provision of services difficult to provide in a direct capacity, physically (e.g., due to cost or resource availability). Domains of applications are very diverse, e.g.: industry, public services, healthcare, culture. In the domain of Air Traffic Management (ATM), increased connectivity is seen as one of the main drivers of the improvement of operations and building of capacity to handle the expected traffic increase. The concept of Remote Tower operations provides the capacity to manage tower operations remotely from a virtual tower and remote centre. It increasingly appears as a valuable alternative to traditional control towers. However, one can wonder about the risks introduced by the necessary reliance on network infrastructures and remote sensors. What happens to remote operations when these are not fully, if at all, functional? How dangerously dependent on the digital infrastructure are the capabilities introduced by remote operations? Such questions take particular significance in the face of the cyber threat: cyber-attacks on digital assets and services can impair the capacity to perform ATM safely from remote. Resilience then represents the capacity to handle two interrelated, but different, disruptions: of ATM operations; and of digital services. In the first case, the primary emergency, the system needs to adapt to mitigate the impact on operations (e.g., switch to other modes of operations or divert traffic) and return to sound operations. In the second case, challenges are associated with the system's capacity to identify, understand and address the cyber event. Re-establishing impaired digital services in a timely manner is critical because the adapted ATM operations are not sustainable. Inspired by crisis management, the paper explores challenges and strategies for resilient performance in the face of disruptions to the digital infrastructure.

No abstract