In discussions on exchange, as well as an object in gift exchange money is often seen as a medium of exchange and a universal equivalent in the circulation of commodities. However, in the case of the management of the copra commodity which we researched on the island of Seram, money had become a factor in shaping a dynamic of gift continuity and transformation in the realm of the copra economy (in this context of the customary practice masohi). It transpires that money has promoted both the observance and erosion of masohi custom. Masohi is a tradition of community work in the island of Seram. It is based on non-capitalist social relations and the principle of reciprocal exchange. This article seeks to describe how money, originally a capitalist medium, has simultaneously served to preserve and transform masohi, which, in its essence, is a non-capitalist institution.
This article discusses dynamics of social behavior which is constructed as mechanism process to exacerbate social organization. This study examines how social institutions provide significant influence to change social structures and power relations within the family institution. Lematang society are exclusive patrilineal society wherein each affiliated rules is always attracted by patrilineality. However there are some patrilineal society who actually practiced different, where the rules are affiliated to follow the matrilineality. This behavior displayed by the form of matrilocal marriage (Kampi). In this matrilocal marriage, women became a central actor in her household. This study is qualitative research with ethnographic method aimed to obtain in-depth description of social organization in Lematang society. This research showed that Kampi is one institutions to maintain lineage agnatic on families who do not have a male children. The consequence of that rule is affiliation change in patrilineal family institution. Women who conduct Kampi, would be lineage successor of her parents. Husband will be affiliated to the agnatic clan his wife, while the affiliated matrilineal descendants in his mother's lineage. This resulted in the affiliation change, the position of men being subordinated, because men lose their rights, descent, and resource access.
Keywords: Rule Affiliation, Patrilineal, Matrilineal
AbstrakArtikel ini membahas dinamika perilaku sosial yang dibangun sebagai mekanisme proses untuk menambah peran dari organisasi sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat bagaimana lembaga sosial memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan untuk mengubah struktur sosial dan kekuasaan hubungan dalam keluarga lembaga. Masyarakat Lematang adalah masyarakat patrilineal yang eksklusif yang berafiliasi setiap aturan yang selalu tertarik oleh patrilinealitas. Walaupun demikian ada beberapa patrilineal masyarakat yang sebenarnya dilakukan yang berbeda, di mana aturan yang berafiliasi dengan mengikuti sistem kekerabatan matrilineal. Perilaku ini ditampilkan oleh bentuk perkawinan matrilokal (Kampi). Pada perkawinan matrilokal, perempuan menjadi pusat aktor dalam rumah tangganya. Studi ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode etnografi yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mendalam mengenai organisasi sosial pada masyarakat Lematang. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kampi merupakan salah satu lembaga yang masih menjaga garis keturunan dari keluarga yang tidak punya anak laki laki. Konsekuensi dari aturan tersebut adalah terjadinya perubahan secara kelembagaan dalam lembaga keluarga patrilineal. Perempuan yang melakukan Kampi, akan merubah garis keturunannya atau pengganti dari orang tuanya. Suami akan yang berafiliasi dengan klan istrinya, ketika keturunan matrilineal akan berafiliasi melalui garis keturunan ibunya. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan kelembagaan dimana posisi laki-laki yang pernah berkuasa, karena laki-laki telah kehilangan hak hak mereka, keturunan dan akses sumber daya.
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