Two Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strains, HG645 T and HG711, were respectively isolated from surface water of a brackish lake and sediment of a fishery harbour in Japan and were subsequently characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains HG645 T and HG711 are affiliated phylogenetically to the genus Sporosarcina, and they exhibit sequence similarities of 95.7-97.3 % to the type strains of Sporosarcina species. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain HG645 T and the type strain of the phylogenetically related species Sporosarcina aquimarina was less than 10 %. The DNA G+C content of strains HG645 T and HG711 were respectively 46.0 and 45.2 mol%. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type (Lys-Glu), major cellular fatty acids (iso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 ) and quinone type (MK-7) of the isolates support their affiliation to the genus Sporosarcina. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological and chemotaxonomic data, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Sporosarcina, for which the name Sporosarcina saromensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain HG645 T (5MBIC08270 T 5IAM 15429 T 5KCTC 13119 T ).

Leptobacterium flavescens gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine sponge and seawater

A simple method for the isolation of the bioactive compound alliin from garlic, as well as a method for the synthesis of diastereomerically pure alliin and allo-alliin on a preparative laboratory scale, was developed. The absolute configuration of the sulfur atom in alliin and allo-alliin was assigned on the basis of enzyme reactivity, optical rotatory dispersion, and circular dichroism analyses. A comparison of the results from these analyses, in combination with an X-ray diffraction study on a protected allo-alliin derivative, revealed S and R configurations of the sulfur atoms in alliin and allo-alliin, respectively. In addition, the same (1)H NMR spectrum was observed for synthetic and natural alliin. The absolute configuration of natural alliin was assigned for the first time on the basis of the NMR spectrum and X-ray coordinates.

No abstract