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Presence of cold thermal environment represents significant risk factors high latitudes, during winter seasons and in a large number of industrial activities, influencing the cognitive working performance. The aim of this work is to contribute with a systematic review on cognitive working performance in moderate cold thermal environment, by classifying different studies conducted in that area. By using appropriate keywords and searching electronic databases, a systematic review of English articles has been conducted. Only articles related to cognitive working performance in moderate cold thermal environment were included. Nine experimental articles were included. The number of participants varied from 6 to 22 subjects. The findings of this systematic review indicate that moderate cold environment influence the cognitive performance by decreasing working performance, reaction time, executive function and attention and it remain decreased for some time after cold exposure, even when the core and skin temperature get stabilized.

ResumoO ruído é um tipo de som que provoca uma sensação auditiva desagradável. Ele pode interferir na percepção de outros sons, principalmente nos da fala. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as Perdas Auditivas Induzidas pelo Ruído (PAIR) em trabalhadores da construção civil submetidos a níveis de Ruído acima do permitido pela norma brasileira NR-15 e quais as variáveis que influenciam diretamente essa problemática. A pesquisa consistiu numa revisão bibliográfica. Os artigos encontrados foram pesquisados no Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC, com acesso às bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science. As palavras chave utilizadas na busca foram: "hearing loss", "construction", "construction site", "noise" e "personal protective equipment". Inicialmente, foram encontrados 163 artigos, porém aplicando os critérios de exclusão levaram à 24 potenciais estudos. Após a leitura completa dos mesmos, 10 artigos foram incluídos para revisão detalhada. Em 90% dos estudos analisados foram apresentados resultados sugestivos de PAIR. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que as perdas auditivas são um problema nos canteiros de obras e estão diretamente ligadas as variáveis: intensidade do ruído, tempo de exposição, idade, medidas de proteção coletiva e medidas de proteção individual. Palavras-Chave: Construção; Canteiro De Obra; PAIR; Equipamento De Proteção Individual. AbstractNoise is a type of sound that causes an unpleasant hearing sensation. It can interfere with the perception of other sounds, especially those of speech. The objective of this study was to verify the Noise-induced Hearing Loss (PAIR) in construction workers submitted to noise levels above the Brazilian standard NR-15 and which variables directly influence this problem. The research consisted of a bibliographical review. The articles found were searched in the Portal of Periodicals CAPES / MEC, with access to PubMed / MEDLINE databases, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science. The keywords used in the search were: "hearing loss", "construction", "construction site", "noise" and "personal protective equipment". Initially, 163 articles were found, but applying the exclusion criteria led to 24 potential studies. After the complete reading, 10 articles were included for detailed review. In 90% of the studies analyzed, results suggestive of NIHL were presented. In this way, it was possible to conclude that hearing loss is a problem in construction sites and the variables are directly related: noise intensity, exposure time, age, collective protection measures and individual protection measures.

The construction of electric power substations poses a great number of risks due to its dangerous environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the perception of construction workers on risks, methods they use for evaluation and managing risks to which they are exposed. This study carried out a qualitative and quantitative analysis during the expansion of one electric substation, adding an additional 100 MVA power transformer. The risks were identified and analysed by using the Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA). Additionally, a questionnaire on construction safety was created and applied on all 27 workers which participated in the construction. The results showed which activities are present during the construction of a power substation, which risks are involved and how to manage them. It was found that among several, the PRA and Checklists were the most commonly used analysis tools. Further on, it was found a relation between training and risk perception. Among perceived risks were: noise, working at heights, electric shocks, traffic accidents, poisonous animals, dust, fire and explosions. The conclusion of this study was that the construction of electric power substations brings several safety risks and that the instruction of workers allows an effective risk management, and can reduce the number of accidents in this type of working activity.

A caatinga se destaca pela grande área que ocupa pela biodiversidade. Pesquisas nesse bioma sobre mudanças climáticas, uso e ocupação das terras, biomassa e manejo florestal, dentre outras, são realizadas e o sensoriamento remoto se destaca como uma ferramenta de monitoramento a partir dos índices de vegetação. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre os estudos realizados na caatinga que utilizam os índices de vegetação a partir do sensoriamento remoto e como são aplicados. A revisão seguiu as diretrizes do “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)”. Os artigos selecionados foram indexados nas bases Science Direct, Scopus e Web of Science. As palavras-chave “remote sensing”, “satellite”, “Vegetation Index” e “Caatinga” foram aplicadas na seleção de artigos. Inicialmente, 86 artigos foram encontrados: Science Diret (Σ= 29), Scopus (Σ=54) e Web of Science (Σ=3). A combinação das palavras-chave proporcionou 39 artigos que estavam de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Após a leitura dos resumos, 17 artigos foram meta-analisados. Em geral, o Índice de Vegetação pela Diferença Normalizada é o mais utilizado nos estudos, com os produtos orbitais do Satélite Landsat 5 e estudos relacionados ao tema das mudanças climáticas, enfatizando a necessidade de ações sustentáveis que possibilitem a preservação da caatinga.

In the construction industry, workers are exposed to several risks, among them is the noise generated by construction equipment. This research had as its objective to evaluate the noise emitted by circular saws and concrete mixers, equipments usually present on construction sites, in order to propose noise control measures. For that purpose, the propagation curves (isoclines) of the sound pressure level (SPL) were measured and analyzed during the operation of three concrete mixers and three circular saws. The sound measurements were conductedwith the type 2 sound level meter, while for air temperature and wind speed a digital thermo-anemometer was used. Contour lines representing the isoclines of SPL were generated, and control measures were proposed. The results show that values of SPL above 85 dB(A) were observed at a maximal distance of 7 m from the source for concrete mixers and 16 m for circular saws. It was also confirmed that the furthest distance that the SPL is greater than 85 dB(A) depends on the number of barriers, screens and masonry walls. In obstacle-free areas, the rate of reduction of sound intensity was 1.26 dB(A) per meter for concrete mixers and 1.47 dB(A) per meter for circular saws. The SPL isoclines should be considered in planning of construction sites and organizing adequate control measures.

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